摘要：
一、准备环境准备环境：角色IP地址k8s-master192.168.56.21k8s-node01192.168.56.25k8s-node02192.168.56.26所有节点环境初始化：关闭防火墙：systemctlstopfirewalldsystemctldisablefirewalld关闭selinux：sed-i's/enforcing/disabled/'/etc/selinux/
一、准备环境
准备环境：
| 角色 | IP地址 |
| k8s-master | 192.168.56.21 |
| k8s-node01 | 192.168.56.25 |
| k8s-node02 | 192.168.56.26 |
所有节点环境初始化：
关闭防火墙： systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld 关闭selinux： sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 关闭swap： swapoff -a sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab 按IP分别设置主机名： hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node01 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node02 仅在master添加hosts： cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF 192.168.56.21 k8s-master 192.168.56.25 k8s-node01 192.168.56.26 k8s-node02 EOF 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链： cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1EOF
sysctl --system 时间同步： yum install ntpdate -y ntpdate time.windows.com
echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.windows.com" >>/var/spool/cron/root
二、在所有节点安装Docker、kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
2.1 安装docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum -y install docker-ce systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
2.2 配置阿里云yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1gpgcheck=0repo_gpgcheck=0gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
2.3 三个节点安装kubeadmin、kubelet，仅在k8s-master节点上安装kubectl
yum install -y kubelet-1.19.0 kubeadm-1.19.0 kubectl-1.19.0systemctl enable kubelet
三、部署kubernetes master
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.21--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.19.0--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16--ignore-preflight-errors=all mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# kubeadm init > --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.21> --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers > --kubernetes-version v1.19.0> --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12> --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16> --ignore-preflight-errors=all W1005 15:41:47.137328 25574 configset.go:348] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups[kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io] [init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.19.0[preflight] Running pre-flight checks # 检查环境 [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/ [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.9. Latest validated version: 19.03[preflight] Pulling images required forsetting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"# 生成k8s和etcd证书 [certs] Generating "ca"certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver"certificate and key [certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.56.21] [certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client"certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca"certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-client"certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/ca"certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/server"certificate and key [certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.21 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/peer"certificate and key [certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.21 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client"certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client"certificate and key [certs] Generating "sa"key and public key [kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"# 生成kubeconfig文件 [kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"# 生成kubelet配置文件 [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" # 部署管理节点组件，用镜像启动 kubectl get pod -n kube-system [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"# 部署etcd数据库用镜像启动 [wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s [apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 14.006837seconds [upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system"Namespace # 上传配置文件到k8s中 [kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.19" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets inthe cluster [upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs [mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"# 给管理节点打一个标签 [mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule] # 将给管理节点打一个污点 [bootstrap-token] Using token: 46x35t.q5wjyktnsjdeu7gk # 自动为kubelet颁发证书 [bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-infoConfigMap, RBAC Roles [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get longterm certificate credentials [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates inthe cluster [bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public"namespace [kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key [addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS # 部署插件coredns和kube-proxy [addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: # 接下来需要在master执行的命令 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config # 还需要部署一个网络组件 You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml"with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can joinany number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: # 将node节点加入master的命令 kubeadm join 192.168.56.21:6443 --token 46x35t.q5wjyktnsjdeu7gk --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d44716e10fc9c16a45cb988cee767f0d4e59f1885e71914cc0ad94ba065aaf4
初始化报错解决方法
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed. error execution phase upload-config/kubelet: Error writing Crisocket information for the control-plane node: timed out waiting forthe condition 解决方法： swapoff -a && kubeadm reset && systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet && iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
四、将node节点加入k8s集群中
]# kubeadm join 192.168.56.21:6443 --token 46x35t.q5wjyktnsjdeu7gk > --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d44716e10fc9c16a45cb988cee767f0d4e59f1885e71914cc0ad94ba065aaf4 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/ [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.9. Latest validated version: 19.03[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster... [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [kubelet-start] Waiting forthe kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... This node has joined the cluster: *Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received. *The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，操作如下：
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm token create W1005 16:00:31.481430 31411 configset.go:348] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups[kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io] i376x3.lw9aepx6ldbzrj5c [root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm token list TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPSi376x3.lw9aepx6ldbzrj5c 23h 2021-10-06T16:00:31+08:00 authentication,signing <none> system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token [root@k8s-master ~]# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'8d44716e10fc9c16a45cb988cee767f0d4e59f1885e71914cc0ad94ba065aaf4 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.56.21:6443 --token i376x3.lw9aepx6ldbzrj5c
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8d44716e10fc9c16a45cb988cee767f0d4e59f1885e71914cc0ad94ba065aaf4
或者直接用命令生成也可以
kubeadm token create --print-join-command五、部署网络组件（CNI）
此时查看node节点是NotReady状态
# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master NotReady master 27m v1.19.0k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 12m v1.19.0k8s-node02 NotReady <none> 12m v1.19.0
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
注意：只需要部署下面其中一个，推荐Calico。
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，Calico支持广泛的平台，包括Kubernetes、OpenStack等。
Calico 在每一个计算节点利用 Linux Kernel 实现了一个高效的虚拟路由器（ vRouter） 来负责数据转发，而每个 vRouter 通过 BGP 协议负责把自己上运行的 workload 的路由信息向整个 Calico 网络内传播。
https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate
下载完后还需要修改里面定义Pod网络（CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR），与前面kubeadm init指定的一样
# vim calico.yaml
修改后
当calico的pod都启动成功之后，node节点就会变成ready状态
# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES calico-node-4dcl8 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.56.25 k8s-node01 <none> <none>calico-node-kjs86 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.56.26 k8s-node02 <none> <none> # kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready master 39m v1.19.0k8s-node01 Ready <none> 24m v1.19.0k8s-node02 Ready <none> 24m v1.19.0
将kube-proxy改为ipvs，因为在初始化集群的时候注释了ipvs配置，所以需要自行修改一下
# 在master节点执行 # kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system mode: "ipvs" # 更新kube-proxy的pod # kubectl patch daemonset kube-proxy -p "{"spec":{"template":{"metadata":{"annotations":{"date":"`date +'%s'`"}}}}}" -n kube-system # 验证 # curl 127.0.0.1:10249/proxyMode ipvs
六、部署Dashboard
官方GitHub地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
6.1创建管理员用户
# catadmin.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: admin-user namespace: kube-system ---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: admin-user annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: -kind: ServiceAccount name: admin-user namespace: kube-system # kubectl apply -f admin.yaml
6.2部署dashboard
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.4.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
将type类型由ClusterIP修改为NodePort类型
查看nodeport端口
# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.96.158.70 <none> 8000/TCP 154m kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.108.197.195 <none> 443:30612/TCP 154m
使用node节点的IP:30612登录dashboard
查看admin用户的token登录dashboard
# kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep admin-user admin-user-token-qxvpl kubernetes.io/service-account-token 38m25s # kubectl describe secret -n kube-system admin-user-token-qxvpl Name: admin-user-token-qxvpl Namespace: kube-system Labels: <none>Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 889b134a-a6e3-4306-999e-3a19cb91d95a Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token Data ====ca.crt: 1066bytes namespace: 11bytes token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InI3ODFQaTBzR19OeUpMQnhNQm5Lem5GSlpjZ0VzWXNITGY5dHI2bVlOUjgifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXF4dnBsIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI4ODliMTM0YS1hNmUzLTQzMDYtOTk5ZS0zYTE5Y2I5MWQ5NWEiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.BHgiNSelW14pijLcO9BPP0WVkNT6--63CobSoG-eEydPfEhmQRSCmmkzFb9pmk3r0C9HURfmHlZ-FkEPs4RSolraso28iCbGz3xF-rwQ6e6HfpP6s5d3-i_yQJR74bIlkxKfYgZvMscmYu_1UP1PEuwnGQoBhhedGOMHnsFRNX4Fmzi50IitTHtef9ZzSCMDwmwZtOomybH0NpW2eTKHPINvou-NQaHSEhn38V14KgpeB8siPoSlxHrbEn9a-bKilWsU8XQakpWCvV5FImD6np1aMwLj-wIi7Y85Y1u19ieu5E1ovayY5al8fINjY1beLjHCLQfCp1qiQt_lMB2DcA
