OpenCV——创建Mat对象、格式化输出、常用数据结构和函数（point，vector、Scalar、Size、Rect、cvtColor）

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】---------------------------
//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

//--------------------------------------【main( )函数】-----------------------------------------
//          描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int, char**)
{
	//改变控制台的前景色和背景色
	system("color 8F");

	Mat I = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);
	I.at<double>(1, 1) = CV_PI;
	cout << "
I = " << I << ";
" << endl;

	Mat r = Mat(10, 3, CV_8UC3);
	randu(r, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(255));

	//此段代码的OpenCV2版为：
	//cout << "r (OpenCV默认风格) = " << r << ";" << endl << endl;
	//cout << "r (Python风格) = " << format(r,"python") << ";" << endl << endl;
	//cout << "r (Numpy风格) = " << format(r,"numpy") << ";" << endl << endl;
	//cout << "r (逗号分隔风格) = " << format(r,"csv") << ";" << endl<< endl;
	//cout << "r (C语言风格) = " << format(r,"C") << ";" << endl << endl;
	//此段代码的OpenCV3版为：
	cout << "r (OpenCV默认风格) = " << r << ";" << endl << endl;
	cout << "r (Python风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_PYTHON) << ";" << endl << endl;
	cout << "r (Numpy风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_NUMPY) << ";" << endl << endl;
	cout << "r (逗号分隔风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_CSV) << ";" << endl << endl;
	cout << "r (C语言风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_C) << ";" << endl << endl;

	Point2f p(6, 2);
	cout << "【2维点】p = " << p << ";
" << endl;

	Point3f p3f(8, 2, 0);
	cout << "【3维点】p3f = " << p3f << ";
" << endl;

	vector<float> v;
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(5);
	v.push_back(7);

	cout << "【基于Mat的vector】shortvec = " << Mat(v) << ";
" << endl;

	vector<Point2f> points(20);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i)
		points[i] = Point2f((float)(i * 5), (float)(i % 7));

	cout << "【二维点向量】points = " << points << ";";

	getchar();//按任意键退出

	return 0;

}