摘要：
1.1socket编程之tcp编程"""socket类型sock_stream面向连接的流套接字，默认值tcp协议sock_dgram无连接的数据报文套接字，udp协议"""importsockets=socket.socket()s.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999))#bind接受一个2元祖s.listen()"""Acceptaconnection.Thesocketmustbe
1.1socket编程之tcp编程
"""
socket类型
sock_stream 面向连接的流套接字，默认值 tcp协议
sock_dgram 无连接的数据报文套接字，udp协议
"""
import socket
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999)) #bind接受一个2元祖
s.listen()
"""
Accept a connection. The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections.
The return value is a pair (conn, address) where conn is a new socket object usable to send and receive data on the connection,
and address is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the connection
"""
new_socker,info = s.accept() #只接受一个client请求，阻塞
data=new_socker.recv(1024) #阻塞
print(data)
print(type(data))
new_socker.send('back {}'.format(data).encode())
s.close() 例子
有阻塞就要尽量放到线程中去执行，不要影响主线程
importsocket server =socket.socket() server.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999)) server.listen() '''建立一个client，socket连接之后，只能发一次数据 在accept出阻塞，需要建立第二个连接 ''' whileTrue: new_socket,ip =server.accept() data = new_socket.recv(1024) new_socket.send('ck test {}'.format(data).encode())
socket群聊实例
importsocket importthreading classChatTcpServer: def __init__(self,ip,port): self.ip =ip self.port =port self.cliets ={} #实例化就创建一个socket对象 self.socket =socket.socket() defstart(self): self.socket.bind((self.ip,self.port)) self.socket.listen() threading.Thread(target=self._accept,name="_aceept").start() def _accept(self): #只开启一个accept线程，连接产生的new_socket负责和线程receive同信 whileTrue: print('1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~',threading.enumerate()) new_socket,raddr = self.socket.accept() #阻塞主线程，所以开启一个工作线程receive threading.Thread(target=self._receive,name="reveive",args=(new_socket,)).start() self.cliets[new_socket] =raddr print(self.cliets) print(type(self.cliets.keys())) def _receive(self,new_socket): #客户端连接几个socket 就开几个receive线程 whileTrue: print('2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~',threading.enumerate()) data = new_socket.recv(1024) #阻塞 for k inself.cliets.keys(): k.send('ack {}'.format(data).encode()) defstop(self): for s inself.cliets.values(): s.close() self.socket.close() if __name__ == '__main__': cs = ChatTcpServer('127.0.0.1',9999) cs.start() #print('3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~',threading.enumerate()) #cs.stop()
problem：there has a error when cliens exit
ConnectionAbortedError
importsocket importthreading classChatTcpServer: def __init__(self,ip,port): self.ip =ip self.port =port self.cliets ={} #实例化就创建一个socket对象 self.socket =socket.socket() self.event =threading.Event() defstart(self): self.socket.bind((self.ip,self.port)) self.socket.listen() threading.Thread(target=self._accept,name="_aceept").start() def _accept(self): #只开启一个accept线程，连接产生的new_socket负责和线程receive同信 while notself.event.is_set(): new_socket,raddr = self.socket.accept() #阻塞主线程，所以开启一个工作线程receive threading.Thread(target=self._receive,name="reveive",args=(new_socket,)).start() self.cliets[new_socket] =raddr print(self.cliets) print(type(self.cliets.keys())) def _receive(self,new_socket): #客户端连接几个socket 就开几个receive线程 while notself.event.is_set(): data = new_socket.recv(1024) #阻塞 for k inself.cliets.keys(): k.send('ack {}'.format(data).encode()) defstop(self): ifself.cliets: for s inself.cliets.values(): s.close() self.socket.close() self.event.set() if __name__ == '__main__': cs = ChatTcpServer('127.0.0.1',9999) cs.start() whileTrue: cmd = input("please set stop:>>>") if cmd == 'quit': cs.stop() break
以上版本服务端可以断开连接，但是客户端断开连接抛出异常
增加客户端断开命令
客户端主动断开连接的问题，服务端知道自己何时断开 如果是客户端断开服务器不知道，所有好的做法客户端发出特殊消息通知服务器断开连接，但是客户端主动断开服务端主动发送一个空消息，超时返回异常，捕获异常并清理连接，即使为客户端提供了断开命令，也不能保证客户端会使用它断开连接，还是要增加这个退出功能
def _receive(self,new_socket): #客户端连接几个socket 就开几个receive线程 while notself.event.is_set(): data = new_socket.recv(1024) #阻塞 if data == b"quit": self.cliets.pop(new_socket) new_socket.close() break for k inself.cliets.keys(): k.send('ack {}'.format(data).encode())
socket常用方法
socket = socket.socket() socket.recv(1024) bufsize=1024 获取数据，默认是阻塞状态 socket.recvfrom(1024) 获取数据，返回一个二元组(bytes,address) socket.recv_into(buffer=1024,nbytes=10,flags=None) 获取到nbytes的数据后，存储到buffer中，如果nbytes没有指定或者0，将buffer大小的数据存入buffer中，返回接收的字节数 socket.send(bytes) tcp发送设备 socket.sendall(bytes) tcp发送全部设备，成功返回None
Makefile
socket.socket().makefile(mode='r',buffering=None) 创建一个与该套接字相关联的文件对象，将recv方法看作读方法，将send方法看作写方法
socket.getpeername() 返回连接套接字的远程地址，返回值通常是元组（ipaddr,port）
sockete.getsockname() 返回套接字自己的地址，通常是一个元祖(ipaddr,port)
socket.setbloking(flag) 如果flag为0则将套接字设为非阻塞模式，否则将套接字设为阻塞模式(默认值）
非阻塞模式下，如果调用recv没有发现任何数据，或send()调用无法立即发送数据，那么将引起socket.error异常
socket.settimeout(value) 设置套接字操作的超时期，timeout是一个浮点数单位秒
值为none表示没有超时期，一般超时期应该在刚创建套接字时设置，因为他们可能用于连接的操作(connect())read和readline(行读取，包括换行符)
importsocket socket =socket.socket() socket.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999)) socket.listen() whileTrue: new_socket,raddr =socket.accept() f = new_socket.makefile('rw') print(f) line = f.readline() #Read and return one line from the stream line = f.read(10) #Read up to n bytes from the object and return them #只有输入十个字节才会return print(line) f.write('ack {}'.format(line)) f.flush() f.close()
client编写
importsocket socket =socket.socket() socket.bind(('127.0.0.1',9999)) #server ip socket.listen() new_socket,raddr =socket.accept() data = new_socket.recv(1024) print(data) new_socket.send('ack {}'.format(data).encode())
importsocket importthreading importdatetime importlogging FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(threadName)s %(thread)d %(message)s'logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format=FORMAT) classChatClient: def __init__(self,ip='127.0.0.1',port=9999): self.ip =ip self.port =port self.sock =socket.socket() self.event =threading.Event() defstart(self): self.sock.connect((self.ip,self.port)) self.send('i am ready') threading.Thread(target=self.receive,name='receive').start() defreceive(self): while notself.event.is_set(): try: #连接不成功，捕获异常 data = self.sock.recv(1024) logging.info(data) exceptException as e: logging.info(e) defsend(self,msg:str): self.sock.send('{}'.format(msg).encode()) defstop(self): self.sock.close() self.event.set() logging.info('Client stops') defmain(): cc =ChatClient() cc.start() whileTrue: cmd = input("please set a number:") if cmd.strip() == b'quit': cc.stop() breakcc.send(cmd) if __name__ == '__main__': main()