摘要：
对于Oracle数据库的RMAN备份，除了电子邮件之外，您可以通过其他方式检查RMAN备份的成功与失败吗？='COMPLETED“ANDSTATUSNOTLIKE”RUNNING%“查看成功备份的历史记录：SELECT*FROMV$RMAN_ STATUSWHERESTART_TIME˃=TO_ DATEANDEND_ TIME˂=TO_ DATEADOPERATION=”backup'和STATUS=”COMPLETED”状态主要包括RUNNING、RUNNINGWHITHWARNINGS、RUNNING WHITHERORS、COMPLETED、COMPLETEWITH WARNINGS和COMPLETED ERRORS、FAILED等。
关于Oracle数据库的RMAN备份，除了邮件外，是否能通过其它方式检查RMAN备份的成功与失败呢？其实我们可以通过下面SQL脚本来检查某个时间段备份失败的记录：
SELECT * FROM V$RMAN_STATUS
WHERE START_TIME >= TO_DATE(&START_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
AND END_TIME <= TO_DATE(&END_TIME ,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
AND OPERATION ='BACKUP'
AND STATUS !='COMPLETED'
AND STATUS NOT LIKE 'RUNNING%'
查看备份成功的历史记录：
SELECT * FROM V$RMAN_STATUS
WHERE START_TIME >= TO_DATE(&START_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
AND END_TIME <= TO_DATE(&END_TIME ,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')
AND OPERATION ='BACKUP'
AND STATUS ='COMPLETED'
其中STATUS主要有RUNNING、RUNNING WITH WARNINGS、RUNNING WITH ERRORS、COMPLETED、COMPLETED WITH WARNINGS、COMPLETED WITH ERRORS、FAILED等几种状态。另外，如果你在命令窗口输入
[oracle@MyDB ~]$ date
Tue Jul 19 10:52:02 CST 2016
[oracle@MyDB ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Jul 19 10:52:13 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SCM2 (DBID=3990839260)
RMAN>
在V$RMAN_STATUS里面，你会看到插入了一条记录STATUS为RUNNING状态
SQL> COL ROW_TYPE FOR A10;
SQL> COL OPERATION FOR A10;
SQL> COL COMMAND_ID FOR A20;
SQL> COL STATUS FOR A30;
SQL> COL OBJECT_TYPE FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT ROW_TYPE, COMMAND_ID, OPERATION, STATUS,OBJECT_TYPE
2 FROM V$RMAN_STATUS 3 WHERE START_TIME >= TO_DATE('2016-07-19 10:52:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
ROW_TYPE COMMAND_ID OPERATION STATUS OBJECT_TYPE---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------------- ----------------
SESSION 2016-07-19T10:52:13 RMAN RUNNING
此时如果在RMAN中随意执行一个错误命令，如下所示
[oracle@MyDB ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Jul 19 10:52:13 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SCM2 (DBID=3990839260)
RMAN> /
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commandsRMAN-01006: error signalled during parse
RMAN-02001: unrecognized punctuation symbol "/"
SQL> COL ROW_TYPE FOR A10;
SQL> COL OPERATION FOR A10;
SQL> COL COMMAND_ID FOR A20;
SQL> COL STATUS FOR A30;
SQL> COL OBJECT_TYPE FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT ROW_TYPE, COMMAND_ID, OPERATION, STATUS,OBJECT_TYPE
2 FROM V$RMAN_STATUS 3 WHERE START_TIME >= TO_DATE('2016-07-19 10:52:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
ROW_TYPE COMMAND_ID OPERATION STATUS OBJECT_TYPE---------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------- ----------------
SESSION 2016-07-19T10:52:13 RMAN RUNNING WITH ERRORS
在RMAN中退出，此时你会看到STAUS记录从"RUNNING WITH ERRORS"变成了"COMPLETED WITH ERRORS"
也就是说，你可以在这个视图里面查看在RMAN里面执行的一些操作,例如删除归档日志等，另外，如果要查看RMAN的输出，可以查看V$RMAN_OUTPUT，V$RMAN_OUTPUT 视图记录了RMAN生成的信息，这是在内存中额视图，不会记录到控制文件上。最多有37278条记录.
当然也可以从V$RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILS中查看RMAN备份更详细的信息。
SELECT START_TIME,END_TIME,
OUTPUT_DEVICE_TYPE,
STATUS,
ELAPSED_SECONDS,
COMPRESSION_RATIO,
INPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY,
OUTPUT_BYTES_DISPLAY
FROM V$RMAN_BACKUP_JOB_DETAILSORDER BY START_TIME DESC ;
另外，如果我们需要查看RMAN备份的一些详细记录，在惜分飞的通过sql查询rman备份信息博客里面分享了下面一些经典的SQL语句。收录在此。
查看所有备份集详细信息：
SELECT A.RECID "BACKUP SET",
A.SET_STAMP,
DECODE (B.INCREMENTAL_LEVEL,
'', DECODE (BACKUP_TYPE, 'L', 'Archivelog', 'Full'),
1, 'Incr-1级', 0, 'Incr-0级',B.INCREMENTAL_LEVEL)
"Type LV",
B.CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED "包含CTL",
DECODE (A.STATUS,
'A', 'AVAILABLE',
'D', 'DELETED',
'X', 'EXPIRED',
'ERROR')"STATUS",
A.DEVICE_TYPE "Device Type",
A.START_TIME "Start Time",
A.COMPLETION_TIME "Completion Time",
A.ELAPSED_SECONDS "Elapsed Seconds",
A.BYTES/1024/1024/1024 "Size(G)",A.COMPRESSED,
A.TAG "Tag",
A.HANDLE "Path" FROM GV$BACKUP_PIECE A, GV$BACKUP_SET BWHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMP AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
RDER BY A.COMPLETION_TIME DESC;
查找某个备份集中包含数据文件
SELECT DISTINCT c.file#,A.SET_STAMP, D.NAME, C.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#, C.CHECKPOINT_TIME
FROM V$BACKUP_DATAFILE C, V$BACKUP_PIECE A, V$DATAFILE DWHERE A.SET_STAMP = C.SET_STAMPAND D.FILE# = C.FILE#
AND A.DELETED='NO'
AND c.set_stamp=&set_stampORDER BY C.FILE#;
查询某个备份集中控制文件
SELECT DISTINCT A.SET_STAMP,
D.NAME,
C.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,
C.CHECKPOINT_TIME
FROM V$BACKUP_DATAFILE C, V$BACKUP_PIECE A, V$CONTROLFILE D WHERE A.SET_STAMP = C.SET_STAMPAND C.FILE# = 0
AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
AND C.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMP;
查看某个备份集中归档日志:
SELECT DISTINCT B.SET_STAMP,
B.THREAD#,
B.SEQUENCE#,B.FIRST_TIME,
B.FIRST_CHANGE#,
B.NEXT_TIME,
B.NEXT_CHANGE#
FROM V$BACKUP_REDOLOG B, V$BACKUP_PIECE A WHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMPAND A.DELETED = 'NO'
AND B.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMPORDER BY THREAD#, SEQUENCE#;
查看某个备份集SPFILE
SELECT DISTINCT A.SET_STAMP, B.COMPLETION_TIME, HANDLE
FROM V$BACKUP_SPFILE B, V$BACKUP_PIECE A WHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMPAND A.DELETED = 'NO'
AND B.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMP;
查看RMAN的配置信息
SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$RMAN_CONFIGURATION;
参考资料：