摘要：
=1+++++++++++++++++++------------------- 2˃1++++++++++++------------------- 2!
在说unittest之前，先说几个概念：
TestCase 也就是测试用例
TestSuite 多个测试用例集合在一起，就是TestSuite
TestLoader是用来加载TestCase到TestSuite中的
TestRunner是来执行测试用例的,测试的结果会保存到TestResult实例中，包括运行了多少测试用例，成功了多少，失败了多少等信息
简单的单元测试用例：
1 import unittest 2 import HTMLTestRunner 3 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase): 5 def setUp(self): 6 """每条用例执行之前运行一次""" 7 print("-" * 20) 8 9 def tearDown(self): 10 """每条用例执行之后运行一次""" 11 print("+" * 20) 12 13 @classmethod 14 def setUpClass(cls): 15 """所有用例执行之前运行一次""" 16 print("6" * 10) 17 18 @classmethod 19 def tearDownClass(cls): 20 """所有用例执行之后运行一次""" 21 print("9" * 10) 22 23 def test_case_1(self): 24 """assertEqual 两个值相等""" 25 print("1 == 1") 26 self.assertEqual(1,1) 27 28 def test_case_2(self): 29 """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等""" 30 print("2 != 1") 31 self.assertNotEqual(2, 1) 32 33 def test_case_3(self): 34 """assertTrue 结果为True""" 35 print("2 > 1") 36 self.assertTrue(2 > 1) 37 38 def test_case_4(self): 39 """assertFalse 结果为False""" 40 print("2 < 1") 41 self.assertFalse(2 < 1) 42 43 if __name__ == "__main__": 44 # 运行所有的测试用例 45 unittest.main()
执行结果：
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:python_file est_func 6666666666-------------------- 1 == 1 ++++++++++++++++++++ -------------------- 2 != 1 ++++++++++++++++++++ -------------------- 2 > 1 ++++++++++++++++++++ -------------------- 2 < 1 ++++++++++++++++++++ 9999999999 Ran 4 tests in 0.005s OK Process finished with exit code 0
下面是一些常用的断言，也就是校验结果：
assertEqual(a, b) a == b assertNotEqual(a, b) a != b assertTrue(x) bool(x) is True assertFalse(x) bool(x) is False assertIsNone(x) x is None assertIsNotNone(x) x is not None assertIn(a, b) a in b assertNotIn(a, b) a not in b
skip跳过测试用例：
1、unittest.skip(reason):强制跳过，reason是跳过原因
2、unittest.skipIf(condition, reason)：condition为True时跳过
3、unittest.skipUnless(condition, reason)：condition为False时跳过
1 import unittest 2 import HTMLTestRunner 3 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase): 5 @classmethod 6 def setUpClass(cls): 7 """所有用例执行之前运行一次""" 8 print("6" * 10) 9 10 @classmethod 11 def tearDownClass(cls): 12 """所有用例执行之后运行一次""" 13 print("9" * 10) 14 15 def test_case_1(self): 16 """assertEqual 两个值相等""" 17 print("1 == 1") 18 self.assertEqual(1,1) 19 20 @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因") 21 def test_case_2(self): 22 """assertNotEqual 两个值不相等""" 23 print("2 != 1") 24 self.assertNotEqual(2, 1) 25 26 @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过") 27 def test_case_3(self): 28 """assertTrue 结果为True""" 29 print("2 > 1") 30 self.assertTrue(2 > 1) 31 32 @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过") 33 def test_case_4(self): 34 """assertFalse 结果为False""" 35 print("2 < 1") 36 self.assertFalse(2 < 1) 37 38 if __name__ == "__main__": 39 # 运行所有的测试用例 40 unittest.main()
执行结果 ：
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/unittest-01.py in D:python_file est_func 66666666661 == 1 Skipped: 强制跳过，reason是跳过原因 Skipped: 结果为True时跳过 Skipped: 结果为False时跳过 9999999999 Ran 4 tests in 0.002s OK (skipped=3) Process finished with exit code 0
suite测试套件
1 import my_func 2 import unittest 3 4 class Test_MyFunc(unittest.TestCase): 5 """test my_func""" 6 7 def test_01(self): 8 """>>>负数的绝对值""" 9 self.assertEqual(1, abs(-1)) 10 11 def test_02(self): 12 """>>>正数的绝对值""" 13 self.assertEqual(1, abs(1)) 14 15 def test_03(self): 16 """>>>0的绝对值""" 17 self.assertEqual(0, abs(0)) 18 19 20 def suite_1(): 21 """addTest方法添加用例，可以对case进行排序""" 22 # 构造一个套件 23 suite = unittest.TestSuite() 24 # 向套件例添加用例、排序 25 tests_myfunc = [Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01"), Test_MyFunc("test_01")] 26 suite.addTests(tests_myfunc) 27 return suite 28 29 def suite_01(): 30 """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的""" 31 32 # 第一种方法：传入'模块名.TestCase名' 33 # 构造测试套件 34 suite = unittest.TestSuite() 35 suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromName("s.Test_MyFunc")) 36 # 这里还可以把多个'模块名.Test_MyFunc'放到一个列表中 37 # suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(['a.Test_a', 'b.Test_b'])) 38 return suite 39 40 41 def suite_02(): 42 """addTests + TestLoader方法来添加用例，但是这种方法是无法对case进行排序的""" 43 # 第二种方法：传入TestCase 44 suite = unittest.TestSuite() 45 suite.addTests(unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(Test_MyFunc)) 46 return suite 47 48 def run(suite): 49 runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2) 50 runner.run(suite) 51 52 run(suite_1())
执行结果：
test_03 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>0的绝对值 ... ok
test_01 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>负数的绝对值 ... ok
test_02 (s.Test_MyFunc)
>>>正数的绝对值 ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s
OK
Launching unittests with arguments python -m unittest D:/python_file/test_func/s.py in D:python_file est_func
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s
OK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
使用套件执行会把case的解释给打印出来。。。
1 import unittest 2 import HTMLTestRunner 3 4 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase): 5 def test_case_1(self): 6 """>>>assertEqual 两个值相等""" 7 print("1 == 1") 8 self.assertEqual(1,1) 9 10 @unittest.skip(reason = "强制跳过，reason是跳过原因") 11 def test_case_2(self): 12 """>>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等""" 13 print("2 != 1") 14 self.assertNotEqual(2, 1) 15 16 @unittest.skipIf(3 > 2, reason = "结果为True时跳过") 17 def test_case_3(self): 18 """>>>assertTrue 结果为True""" 19 print("2 > 1") 20 self.assertTrue(2 > 1) 21 22 # @unittest.skipUnless(3 < 2, reason="结果为False时跳过") 23 def test_case_4(self): 24 """assertFalse 结果为False""" 25 print("2 < 1") 26 self.assertFalse(2 < 1) 27 28 # if __name__ == "__main__": 29 # # 运行所有的测试用例 30 # unittest.main() 31 32 suite = unittest.TestSuite() 33 suite.addTests([TestCase("test_case_1"), TestCase("test_case_2")]) 34 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
执行结果：
1 == 1test_case_1 (unittest-01.TestCase) >>>assertEqual 两个值相等 ... ok test_case_2 (unittest-01.TestCase) >>>assertNotEqual 两个值不相等 ... skipped '强制跳过，reason是跳过原因' ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 0.000s OK (skipped=1) 1 == 1
测试结果输出到文件：
verbosity控制测试结果的详细程度：0表示简单，1表示一般，2表示详细
测试结果输出到TXT
suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(TestEmail("test_01")) suite.addTest(TestEmail("test_03")) with open("result1.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f: runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2).run(suite)
测试结果输出到HTML
suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTests([TestEmail("test_01"), TestEmail("test_03")]) with open(r"result1.html", "wb") as f: HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2, title="测试报告", description="测试报告详情").run(suite)