![AFNetworking的详细解析第1张](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/325120-9212ca74fa78390d.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
1. AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
所有的网络请求,均有manager发起
2. 需要注意的是,默认提交请求的数据是二进制的,返回格式是JSON
如果提交数据是JSON的,需要将请求格式设置为AFJSONRequestSerializer
3. 请求格式
AFHTTPRequestSerializer 二进制格式
AFJSONRequestSerializer JSON
AFPropertyListRequestSerializer PList(是一种特殊的XML,解析起来相对容易)
4. 返回格式
AFHTTPResponseSerializer 二进制格式
AFJSONResponseSerializer JSON
AFXMLParserResponseSerializer XML,只能返回XMLParser,还需要自己通过代理方法解析
AFXMLDocumentResponseSerializer (Mac OS X)
AFPropertyListResponseSerializer PList
AFImageResponseSerializer Image
AFCompoundResponseSerializer 组合
演示代码如下: 一:提交数据是JSON格式
NSMutableDictionary *dict=[[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init];
[dict setObject:@"apple" forKey:@"brand"];
NSString *url=@"http://xxxxx";
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];//申明返回的结果是json类型
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObject:@"text/html"];//如果报接受类型不一致请替换一致text/html或别的
manager.requestSerializer=[AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer];//申明请求的数据是json类型
[manager POST:url parameters:dict success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error){
}
];
二:提交数据是NSData类型,即默认类型
NSString *str=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://alpha-api.app.net/stream/0/posts/stream/global"];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[str stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc]initWithRequest:request];
[operation setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, idresponseObject) {
NSString *html = operation.responseString;
NSData* data=[html dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
id dict=[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:nil];
NSLog(@"获取到的数据为:%@",dict);
}failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"发生错误!%@",error);
}];
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
[queue addOperation:operation];
将所有的网络请求都放入一个线程队列中。
三:上传图片操作:
UIImage * image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"imike.png"];
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSData *imageData = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1);
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyyMMddHHmmss";
NSString *str = [formatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];
NSString *fileName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", str];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"filename":fileName};
//申明请求的数据是json类型
manager.requestSerializer=[AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer];
//如果报接受类型不一致请替换一致text/html或别的
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObject:@"text/html"];
[manager POST:@"http://XXX" parameters:parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
// 上传图片,以文件流的格式
[formData appendPartWithFileData:imageData name:@"img" fileName:fileName mimeType:@"image/png"];
} success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject){
NSLog(@"%@",responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
}];
四:下载图片:
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://192.168.40.10/FileDownload/WebForm1.aspx"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {
NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);
}];
[downloadTask resume];
常见的AFNetworking content-type 报错问题整理(AFNetworking 中请求数据和 HTTP 的 Content-type 关系) 问题一: unacceptable content-type: text/plain
{ status code: 200, headers {
"Content-Length" = 14;
"Content-Type" = "text/plain;charset=utf-8";
Date = "Thu, 22 May 2014 10:37:50 GMT";
Server = "Apache-Coyote/1.1";
"Set-Cookie" ="JSESSIONID=C0DFED60A154557F8386E62AB2A066CE; Path=/FHJRDT";
} }, NSLocalizedDescription=Request failed:unacceptable content-type: text/plain}
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializerserializer]; 决定了下面responseObject返回的类型
主要理解一下几个参数的区别:
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
// manager.requestSerializer = [AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer];
// manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
// [manager.requestSerializer setValue:@"application/json" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Accept"];
// [manager.requestSerializer setValue:@"application/json; charset=utf-8" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
//注意:默认的Response为json数据
// [manager setResponseSerializer:[AFXMLParserResponseSerializer new]];
// manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];//使用这个将得到的是NSData
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];//使用这个将得到的是JSON
//注意:此行不加也可以
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/json",@"text/json", @"text/plain", @"text/html", nil];
另外如果AFURLResponseSerialization,告诉AFNetworking 以怎样的方式接受数据,如果后段接口都是标准的JSON数据格式,那么很愉快的就选择了 AFJSONResponseSerializer ,在请求成功的Block中的responseObject 就会是一个 AFNetworking 帮你解好档的JSON,也就是一个 NSDictionary对象。
但有时候你是否遇到明明接口是返回的JSON数据,可用 AFJSONResponseSerializer 就会报错,错误信息类似:
Request failed: unacceptable content-type: text/html
![AFNetworking的详细解析第2张](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/325120-fc075177ce2cb6a8.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
![AFNetworking的详细解析第3张](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/325120-43f980cba06b5671.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
如果接口返回的 Content-Type 和实际情况不合时,有时候是因为后端开发人员不规范,更有遇到一套接口中大多都是JSON返回,还有个别方法返回纯文本,如:“YES”,这些都是接口开发人员不规范导致的问题,作为iOS端,解决方案:
responseSerializer 使用 AFHTTPResponseSerializer,这样就不能享受 AFNetworking 自带的JSON解析功能了,拿到 responseObject 就是一个 Data 对象,需要自己根据需要进行反序列化。
#pragma mark - Public Method
- (void)postWithManager:(id)requestOperationManager
success:(HttpRequestPostSuccessBlock)success
failure:(HttpRequestPostFailureBlock)failure{
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
manager.requestSerializer = [AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer];
manager.responseSerializer = [AFHTTPResponseSerializer serializer];
manager.responseSerializer.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/json",@"text/json", @"text/plain", @"text/html", nil];
[manager POST:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", self.baseUrl, self.urlString]
parameters:_parameters
success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nonnull operation,
id _Nonnull responseObject) {
if (!operation.isCancelled) {
NSString *reponStr = operation.responseString;
NSData* data=[reponStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
id dict=[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:nil];
NSLog(@"获取到的数据为:%@",dict);
//成功
if (success!=nil) {
success(dict);
}
}
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation * _Nullable operation, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
if (!operation.isCancelled) {
if (failure!=nil) {
failure(operation,error);
}
}
}];
}
AFNetworking简单使用 iOS开发中一般情况下,简单地向某个Web站点简单的页面提交请求并获取服务器的响应,用Xcode自带的API就能胜任。但是在数据处理(如下载等)需要自己实现。代码量较大,难以管理,此时可以选择使用第三方网络库。常用的有AFNetworking、ASIHTTPRequest、MKNetworkKit、RestKit等
下面介绍AFNetworking
AFNetworking是一个能够快速使用的iOS和Mac OS X 下的网络框架,它构建在Foundation URL Loading System之上,封装了网络的抽象层,可以方便的使用,AFNetworking是一个模块化架构,拥有丰富的API框架。AFNetworking是目前使用人数最多的第三方框架网络库。
下面将使用AFNetworking中基于NSURLSession API支持封装的接口进行介绍。
AFNetworking重要组成部分:
AFURLSessionManager:创建、管理基于NSURLSessionConfiguration对象的NSURLSession对象的类,也可以管理session的数据、下载/上传任务,实现session和其相关联的任务的delegate方法。因为NSURLSession API设计中的不足,任何和NSURLSession相关的代码都可以用AFURLSessionManager改善;
AFHTTPSessionManager:是AFURLSessionManager的子类,包装常见的HTTP web服务操作,通过AFURLSessionManager 由NSURLSession支持。例如:GET、POST、HEAD、PUT等;
<AFURLRequestSerializer>:符合这个协议的对象用于处理请求,它将请求参数转换为query string 或是 entity body 的形式,并设置必要的header;
<AFURLResponseSerializer>:符合这个协议的对象用于验证、序列化响应及相关数据,转换为有用的形式,比如JSON对象、图像、甚至基于Mantle的模型对象;
AFSecurityPolicy:评估服务器对安全连接针对指定的固定证书或公共密钥的信任,将你的服务器证书添加到app bundle,以帮助防止其他人的攻击;
AFNetworkReachabilityManager-这个类监控当前网络的可达性,提供回调block和notification,在可达性变化时调用。
使用AFNetworking做GET请求:
////做get请求/////////
NSString *urlString = @"https://api.weibo.com/2/statuses/public_timeline.json";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"access_token":@"2.00PogMQGGQ5O2E3633c3a534p58DVB"};
//1.创建管理者
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
//2.设置请求参数的拼接
manager.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
//3.设置接受的响应数据类型
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
//做get请求
[manager GET:urlString parameters:parameters progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"responseObject is:%@",responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"error is:%@",error);
}];
使用AFNetworking做POST请求:
//1.创建管理者
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
//2.设置请求参数的拼接
manager.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
//3.设置接受的响应数据类型
manager.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];
//做简单的post请求
NSString *postUrlString = @"https://api.weibo.com/2/statuses/update.json";
NSDictionary *postDic = @{@"access_token":@"2.00PogMQGGQ5O2E3633c3a534p58DVB",@"status":@"hehehe"};
///post上传文本////////
[manager POST:postUrlString parameters:postDic progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"上传成功");
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"error is:%@",error);
}];
//POST上传图片:
NSString *postImgUrlString = @"https://upload.api.weibo.com/2/statuses/upload.json";
NSDictionary *dic = @{@"access_token":@"2.00PogMQGGQ5O2E3633c3a534p58DVB",@"status":@"嘿嘿嘿、、"};
[manager POST:postImgUrlString parameters:dic constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<</span>AFMultipartFormData> _Nonnull formData) {
//将图片转化为data数据
NSString *imgPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"img" ofType:@"png"];
NSData *imgData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:imgPath];
//将图片数据拼接form表单中
[formData appendPartWithFileData:imgData name:@"pic" fileName:@"img.png" mimeType:@"image/png"];
} progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"上传成功");
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"error is:%@",error);
}];
}
-使用AFNetworking做download请求:
/////执行download下载.//////
AFURLSessionManager *urlManager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://vf1.mtime.cn/Video/2012/04/23/mp4/120423212602431929.mp4"];
//创建request请求
NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataElseLoad timeoutInterval:10];
//创建下载任务
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *task = [urlManager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {
NSLog(@"progress is:%@",downloadProgress);
} destination:^NSURL * _Nonnull(NSURL * _Nonnull targetPath, NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response) {
//返回数据存储的文件路径 下载完成后数据文件将自动拷贝到该文件下
NSString *filePath = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents/123.mp4"];
//将字符串转化为文件路径 注意一定要使用fileURLWithPath:该方法
return [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, NSURL * _Nullable filePath, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"error is:%@",error);
}
NSLog(@"filePath is:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",filePath]);
}];
//执行任务
[task resume];