[转]C/C++实现回调机制的几种方式（回调、槽、代理）

小结：从上面的代码中可以看出，IDownloadSink 接口是一种约定，CMyDownloader 是接口的使用者，CMyFile是接口的实现者。他们两者之间是通过IDownloadSink 进行解耦的，使他们可以专注于自己的实现，接口的使用者CMyDownloader只管怎么使用接口的，接口怎么实现他不必关心；而接口的实现者IDownloadSink 他只管实现接口，接口怎么去用他不关心。维系两者关系的就是接口约定IDownloadSink 。

Delegate的本质是设置成员函数指针给对方，然后让对方在需要触发事件时调用。C#中用Delegate的方式实现Event，让C++程序员很是羡慕，C++中因为语言本身的关系，要实现Delegate还是很麻烦的。上面的例子我们用Delegate的方式实现如下:

class CDownloadDelegateBase  
{  
public:  
    virtual void Fire(const char* pURL, bool bOK) = 0;  
};  

template<typename O, typename T>  
class CDownloadDelegate: public CDownloadDelegateBase  
{  
    typedef void (T::*Fun)(const char*, bool);  
public:  
    CDownloadDelegate(O* pObj = NULL, Fun pFun = NULL)  
        :m_pFun(pFun), m_pObj(pObj)  
    {  
    }  

    virtual void Fire(const char* pURL, bool bOK)  
    {  
        if(m_pFun != NULL  
            && m_pObj != NULL)  
        {  
            (m_pObj->*m_pFun)(pURL, bOK);  
        }  
    }  

private:  
    Fun m_pFun;  
    O* m_pObj;  
};  

template<typename O, typename T>  
CDownloadDelegate<O,T>* MakeDelegate(O* pObject, void (T::*pFun)(const char* pURL, bool))  
{  
    return new CDownloadDelegate<O, T>(pObject, pFun);  
}  

class CDownloadEvent  
{  
public:  
    ~CDownloadEvent()  
    {  
        vector<CDownloadDelegateBase*>::iterator itr = m_arDelegates.begin();  
        while (itr != m_arDelegates.end())  
        {  
            delete *itr;  
            ++itr;  
        }  
        m_arDelegates.clear();  
    }  

    void operator += (CDownloadDelegateBase* p)  
    {  
        m_arDelegates.push_back(p);  
    }  

    void operator -= (CDownloadDelegateBase* p)  
    {  
        ITR itr = remove(m_arDelegates.begin(), m_arDelegates.end(), p);  

        ITR itrTemp = itr;  
        while (itrTemp != m_arDelegates.end())  
        {  
            delete *itr;  
            ++itr;  
        }  
        m_arDelegates.erase(itr, m_arDelegates.end());  
    }  

    void operator()(const char* pURL, bool bOK)  
    {  
        ITR itrTemp = m_arDelegates.begin();  
        while (itrTemp != m_arDelegates.end())  
        {  
            (*itrTemp)->Fire(pURL, bOK);  
            ++itrTemp;  
        }  
    }  

private:  
    vector<CDownloadDelegateBase*> m_arDelegates;  
    typedef vector<CDownloadDelegateBase*>::iterator ITR;  
};  


class CMyDownloaderEx  
{  
public:  
    void DownloadFile(const char* pURL)  
    {  
        cout << "downloading: " << pURL << "" << endl;  
        downloadEvent(pURL, true);  
    }  

    CDownloadEvent downloadEvent;  
};  

class CMyFileEx  
{  
public:  
    void download()  
    {  
        CMyDownloaderEx downloader;  
        downloader.downloadEvent += MakeDelegate(this, &CMyFileEx::OnDownloadFinished);  
        downloader.DownloadFile("www.baidu.com");  
    }  

    virtual void OnDownloadFinished(const char* pURL, bool bOK)  
    {  
        cout << "OnDownloadFinished, URL:" << pURL << "    status:" << bOK << endl;  
    }  
};