Alink漫谈(八) : 二分类评估 AUC、K-S、PRC、Precision、Recall、LiftChart 如何实现

摘要:
第二分类评估是评估第二分类算法的预测结果。本文将分析Alink中相应的代码实现。所以我们得到了两个100000数组的positiveBin/negativeBin。根据输入为positiveBin/desgateBin指定一个值。遍历bin中的每个有意义的点,计算totalTrue和totalFalse,并计算每个点对应的混淆矩阵、tpr、rocCurve、recalPrecisionCurve和liftChart数据;根据曲线内容计算并存储AUC/PRC/KS,然后有详细的呼叫关系概述。0x03批处理3.1 EvalBinaryClassBatchOpEvalBinalClassBatchop是二进制求值的实现。其功能是计算二元评价指标。
Alink漫谈(八) : 二分类评估 AUC、K-S、PRC、Precision、Recall、LiftChart 如何实现
目录

0x00 摘要

Alink 是阿里巴巴基于实时计算引擎 Flink 研发的新一代机器学习算法平台,是业界首个同时支持批式算法、流式算法的机器学习平台。二分类评估是对二分类算法的预测结果进行效果评估。本文将剖析Alink中对应代码实现。

0x01 相关概念

如果对本文某些概念有疑惑,可以参见之前文章 [白话解析] 通过实例来梳理概念 :准确率 (Accuracy)、精准率(Precision)、召回率(Recall) 和 F值(F-Measure)

0x02 示例代码

public class EvalBinaryClassExample {

    AlgoOperator getData(boolean isBatch) {
        Row[] rows = new Row[]{
                Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}"),
                Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),
                Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.7, "prefix0": 0.3}"),
                Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.75, "prefix0": 0.25}"),
                Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.6, "prefix0": 0.4}")
        };

        String[] schema = new String[]{"label", "detailInput"};

        if (isBatch) {
            return new MemSourceBatchOp(rows, schema);
        } else {
            return new MemSourceStreamOp(rows, schema);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EvalBinaryClassExample test = new EvalBinaryClassExample();
        BatchOperator batchData = (BatchOperator) test.getData(true);

        BinaryClassMetrics metrics = new EvalBinaryClassBatchOp()
                .setLabelCol("label")
                .setPredictionDetailCol("detailInput")
                .linkFrom(batchData)
                .collectMetrics();

        System.out.println("RocCurve:" + metrics.getRocCurve());
        System.out.println("AUC:" + metrics.getAuc());
        System.out.println("KS:" + metrics.getKs());
        System.out.println("PRC:" + metrics.getPrc());
        System.out.println("Accuracy:" + metrics.getAccuracy());
        System.out.println("Macro Precision:" + metrics.getMacroPrecision());
        System.out.println("Micro Recall:" + metrics.getMicroRecall());
        System.out.println("Weighted Sensitivity:" + metrics.getWeightedSensitivity());
    }
}

程序输出

RocCurve:([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0],[0.0, 0.3333333333333333, 0.6666666666666666, 0.6666666666666666, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
AUC:0.8333333333333333
KS:0.6666666666666666
PRC:0.9027777777777777
Accuracy:0.6
Macro Precision:0.3
Micro Recall:0.6
Weighted Sensitivity:0.6

在 Alink 中,二分类评估有批处理,流处理两种实现,下面一一为大家介绍( Alink 复杂之一在于大量精细的数据结构,所以下文会大量打印程序中变量以便大家理解)。

2.1 主要思路

  • 把 [0,1] 分成假设 100000个桶(bin)。所以得到positiveBin / negativeBin 两个100000的数组。

  • 根据输入给positiveBin / negativeBin赋值。positiveBin就是 TP + FP,negativeBin就是 TN + FN。这些是后续计算的基础。

  • 遍历bins中每一个有意义的点,计算出totalTrue和totalFalse,并且在每一个点上计算该点的混淆矩阵,tpr,以及rocCurve,recallPrecisionCurve,liftChart在该点对应的数据;

  • 依据曲线内容计算并且存储 AUC/PRC/KS

具体后续还有详细调用关系综述。

0x03 批处理

3.1 EvalBinaryClassBatchOp

EvalBinaryClassBatchOp是二分类评估的实现,功能是计算二分类的评估指标(evaluation metrics)。

输入有两种:

  • label column and predResult column
  • label column and predDetail column。如果有predDetail,则predResult被忽略

我们例子中 "prefix1" 就是 label,"{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}" 就是 predDetail

Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}")

具体类摘录如下:

public class EvalBinaryClassBatchOp extends BaseEvalClassBatchOp<EvalBinaryClassBatchOp> implements BinaryEvaluationParams <EvalBinaryClassBatchOp>, EvaluationMetricsCollector<BinaryClassMetrics> {
  
	@Override
	public BinaryClassMetrics collectMetrics() {
		return new BinaryClassMetrics(this.collect().get(0));
	}  
}

可以看到,其主要工作都是在基类BaseEvalClassBatchOp中完成,所以我们会首先看BaseEvalClassBatchOp。

3.2 BaseEvalClassBatchOp

我们还是从 linkFrom 函数入手,其主要是做了几件事:

  • 获取配置信息
  • 从输入中提取某些列:"label","detailInput"
  • calLabelPredDetailLocal会按照partition分别计算evaluation metrics
  • 综合reduce上述计算结果
  • SaveDataAsParams函数会把最终数值输入到 output table

具体代码如下

@Override
public T linkFrom(BatchOperator<?>... inputs) {
    BatchOperator<?> in = checkAndGetFirst(inputs);
    String labelColName = this.get(MultiEvaluationParams.LABEL_COL);
    String positiveValue = this.get(BinaryEvaluationParams.POS_LABEL_VAL_STR);

    // Judge the evaluation type from params.
    ClassificationEvaluationUtil.Type type = ClassificationEvaluationUtil.judgeEvaluationType(this.getParams());

    DataSet<BaseMetricsSummary> res;
    switch (type) {
        case PRED_DETAIL: {
            String predDetailColName = this.get(MultiEvaluationParams.PREDICTION_DETAIL_COL);
            // 从输入中提取某些列:"label","detailInput" 
            DataSet<Row> data = in.select(new String[] {labelColName, predDetailColName}).getDataSet();
            // 按照partition分别计算evaluation metrics
            res = calLabelPredDetailLocal(data, positiveValue, binary);
            break;
        }
        ......
    }

    // 综合reduce上述计算结果
    DataSet<BaseMetricsSummary> metrics = res
        .reduce(new EvaluationUtil.ReduceBaseMetrics());

    // 把最终数值输入到 output table
    this.setOutput(metrics.flatMap(new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataAsParams()),
        new String[] {DATA_OUTPUT}, new TypeInformation[] {Types.STRING});

    return (T)this;
}

// 执行中一些变量如下
labelColName = "label"
predDetailColName = "detailInput"  
type = {ClassificationEvaluationUtil$Type@2532} "PRED_DETAIL"
binary = true
positiveValue = null  

3.2.0 调用关系综述

因为后续代码调用关系复杂,所以先给出一个调用关系

  • 从输入中提取某些列:"label","detailInput",in.select(new String[] {labelColName, predDetailColName}).getDataSet()。因为可能输入还有其他列,而只有某些列是我们计算需要的,所以只提取这些列。
  • 按照partition分别计算evaluation metrics,即调用 calLabelPredDetailLocal(data, positiveValue, binary);
    • flatMap会从label列和prediction列中,取出所有labels(注意是取出labels的名字 ),发送给下游算子。
    • reduceGroup主要功能是通过 buildLabelIndexLabelArray 去重 "labels名字",然后给每一个label一个ID,得到一个 <labels, ID>的map,最后返回是二元组(map, labels),即({prefix1=0, prefix0=1},[prefix1, prefix0])。从后文看,<labels, ID>Map看来是多分类才用到。二分类只用到了labels。
    • mapPartition 分区调用 CalLabelDetailLocal 来计算混淆矩阵,主要是分区调用getDetailStatistics,前文中得到的二元组(map, labels)会作为参数传递进来 。
      • getDetailStatistics 遍历 rows 数据,提取每一个item(比如 "prefix1,{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),然后通过updateBinaryMetricsSummary累积计算混淆矩阵所需数据。
        • updateBinaryMetricsSummary 把 [0,1] 分成假设 100000个桶(bin)。所以得到positiveBin / negativeBin 两个100000的数组。positiveBin就是 TP + FP,negativeBin就是 TN + FN。
          • 如果某个 sample 为 正例 (positive value) 的概率是 p, 则该 sample 对应的 bin index 就是 p * 100000。如果 p 被预测为正例 (positive value) ,则positiveBin[index]++,
          • 否则就是被预测为负例(negative value) ,则negativeBin[index]++。
  • 综合reduce上述计算结果,metrics = res.reduce(new EvaluationUtil.ReduceBaseMetrics());
    • 具体计算是在BinaryMetricsSummary.merge,其作用就是Merge the bins, and add the logLoss。
  • 把最终数值输入到 output table,setOutput(metrics.flatMap(new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataAsParams()..);
    • 归并所有BaseMetrics后,得到total BaseMetrics,计算indexes存入params。collector.collect(t.toMetrics().serialize());
      • 实际业务在BinaryMetricsSummary.toMetrics,即基于bin的信息计算,然后存储到params。
        • extractMatrixThreCurve函数取出非空的bins,据此计算出ConfusionMatrix array(混淆矩阵), threshold array, rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart.
          • 遍历bins中每一个有意义的点,计算出totalTrue和totalFalse,并且在每一个点上计算:
          • curTrue += positiveBin[index]; curFalse += negativeBin[index];
          • 得到该点的混淆矩阵 new ConfusionMatrix(new long[][] {{curTrue, curFalse}, {totalTrue - curTrue, totalFalse - curFalse}});
          • 得到 tpr = (totalTrue == 0 ? 1.0 : 1.0 * curTrue / totalTrue);
          • rocCurve,recallPrecisionCurve,liftChart在该点对应的数据;
        • 依据曲线内容计算并且存储 AUC/PRC/KS
        • 对生成的rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart输出进行抽样
        • 依据抽样后的输出存储 RocCurve/RecallPrecisionCurve/LiftChar
        • 存储正例样本的度量指标
        • 存储Logloss
        • Pick the middle point where threshold is 0.5.

3.2.1 calLabelPredDetailLocal

本函数按照partition分别计算评估指标 evaluation metrics。是的,这代码很短,但是有个地方需要注意。有时候越简单的地方越容易疏漏。容易疏漏点是:

第一行代码的结果 labels 是第二行代码的参数,而并非第二行主体。第二行代码主体和第一行代码主体一样,都是data。

private static DataSet<BaseMetricsSummary> calLabelPredDetailLocal(DataSet<Row> data, final String positiveValue, oolean binary) {
  
    DataSet<Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]>> labels = data.flatMap(new FlatMapFunction<Row, String>() {
        @Override
        public void flatMap(Row row, Collector<String> collector) {
            TreeMap<String, Double> labelProbMap;
            if (EvaluationUtil.checkRowFieldNotNull(row)) {
                labelProbMap = EvaluationUtil.extractLabelProbMap(row);
                labelProbMap.keySet().forEach(collector::collect);
                collector.collect(row.getField(0).toString());
            }
        }
    }).reduceGroup(new EvaluationUtil.DistinctLabelIndexMap(binary, positiveValue));

    return data
        .rebalance()
        .mapPartition(new CalLabelDetailLocal(binary))
        .withBroadcastSet(labels, LABELS);
}

calLabelPredDetailLocal中具体分为三步骤:

  • 在flatMap会从label列和prediction列中,取出所有labels(注意是取出labels的名字 ),发送给下游算子。
  • reduceGroup的主要功能是去重 "labels名字",然后给每一个label一个ID,最后结果是一个<labels, ID>Map。
  • mapPartition 是分区调用 CalLabelDetailLocal 来计算混淆矩阵。

下面具体看看。

3.2.1.1 flatMap

在flatMap中,主要是从label列和prediction列中,取出所有labels(注意是取出labels的名字 ),发送给下游算子。

EvaluationUtil.extractLabelProbMap 作用就是解析输入的json,获得具体detailInput中的信息。

下游算子是reduceGroup,所以Flink runtime会对这些labels自动去重。如果对这部分有兴趣,可以参见我之前介绍reduce的文章。CSDN : [源码解析] Flink的groupBy和reduce究竟做了什么 博客园 : [源码解析] Flink的groupBy和reduce究竟做了什么

程序中变量如下

row = {Row@8922} "prefix1,{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}"
 fields = {Object[2]@8925} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}"
    
labelProbMap = {TreeMap@9008}  size = 2
 "prefix0" -> {Double@9015} 0.1
 "prefix1" -> {Double@9017} 0.9
    
labelProbMap.keySet().forEach(collector::collect); //这里发送 "prefix0", "prefix1" 
collector.collect(row.getField(0).toString());  // 这里发送 "prefix1"   
// 因为下一个操作是reduceGroup,所以这些label会被runtime去重
3.2.1.2 reduceGroup

主要功能是通过buildLabelIndexLabelArray去重labels,然后给每一个label一个ID,最后结果是一个<labels, ID>的Map。

reduceGroup(new EvaluationUtil.DistinctLabelIndexMap(binary, positiveValue));

DistinctLabelIndexMap的作用是从label列和prediction列中,取出所有不同的labels,返回一个<labels, ID>的map,根据后续代码看,这个map是多分类才用到。Get all the distinct labels from label column and prediction column, and return the map of labels and their IDs.

前面已经提到,这里的参数rows已经被自动去重。

public static class DistinctLabelIndexMap implements
    GroupReduceFunction<String, Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]>> {
    ......
    @Override
    public void reduce(Iterable<String> rows, Collector<Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]>> collector) throws Exception {
        HashSet<String> labels = new HashSet<>();
        rows.forEach(labels::add);
        collector.collect(buildLabelIndexLabelArray(labels, binary, positiveValue));
    }
}

// 变量为
labels = {HashSet@9008}  size = 2
 0 = "prefix1"
 1 = "prefix0"
binary = true

buildLabelIndexLabelArray的作用是给每一个label一个ID,得到一个 <labels, ID>的map,最后返回是二元组(map, labels),即({prefix1=0, prefix0=1},[prefix1, prefix0])。

// Give each label an ID, return a map of label and ID.
public static Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]> buildLabelIndexLabelArray(HashSet<String> set,boolean binary, String positiveValue) {
    String[] labels = set.toArray(new String[0]);
    Arrays.sort(labels, Collections.reverseOrder());

    Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(labels.length);
    if (binary && null != positiveValue) {
        if (labels[1].equals(positiveValue)) {
            labels[1] = labels[0];
            labels[0] = positiveValue;
        } 
        map.put(labels[0], 0);
        map.put(labels[1], 1);
    } else {
        for (int i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
            map.put(labels[i], i);
        }
    }
    return Tuple2.of(map, labels);
}

// 程序变量如下
labels = {String[2]@9013} 
 0 = "prefix1"
 1 = "prefix0"
map = {HashMap@9014}  size = 2
 "prefix1" -> {Integer@9020} 0
 "prefix0" -> {Integer@9021} 1
3.2.1.3 mapPartition

这里主要功能是分区调用 CalLabelDetailLocal 来为后来计算混淆矩阵做准备。

return data
    .rebalance()
    .mapPartition(new CalLabelDetailLocal(binary)) //这里是业务所在
    .withBroadcastSet(labels, LABELS);

具体工作是 CalLabelDetailLocal 完成的,其作用是分区调用getDetailStatistics

// Calculate the confusion matrix based on the label and predResult.
static class CalLabelDetailLocal extends RichMapPartitionFunction<Row, BaseMetricsSummary> {
        private Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]> map;
        private boolean binary;

        @Override
        public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
            List<Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]>> list = getRuntimeContext().getBroadcastVariable(LABELS);
            this.map = list.get(0);// 前文生成的二元组(map, labels)
        }

        @Override
        public void mapPartition(Iterable<Row> rows, Collector<BaseMetricsSummary> collector) {
            // 调用到了 getDetailStatistics
            collector.collect(getDetailStatistics(rows, binary, map));
        }
    }  

getDetailStatistics 的作用是:初始化分类评估的度量指标 base classification evaluation metrics,累积计算混淆矩阵需要的数据。主要就是遍历 rows 数据,提取每一个item(比如 "prefix1,{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),然后累积计算混淆矩阵所需数据。

// Initialize the base classification evaluation metrics. There are two cases: BinaryClassMetrics and MultiClassMetrics.
    private static BaseMetricsSummary getDetailStatistics(Iterable<Row> rows,
                                         String positiveValue,
                                         boolean binary,
                                         Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]> tuple) {
        BinaryMetricsSummary binaryMetricsSummary = null;
        MultiMetricsSummary multiMetricsSummary = null;
        Tuple2<Map<String, Integer>, String[]> labelIndexLabelArray = tuple;  // 前文生成的二元组(map, labels)

        Iterator<Row> iterator = rows.iterator();
        Row row = null;
        while (iterator.hasNext() && !checkRowFieldNotNull(row)) {
            row = iterator.next();
        }

        Map<String, Integer> labelIndexMap = null;
        if (binary) {
           // 二分法在这里 
            binaryMetricsSummary = new BinaryMetricsSummary(
                new long[ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER],
                new long[ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER],
                labelIndexLabelArray.f1, 0.0, 0L);
        } else {
            // 
            labelIndexMap = labelIndexLabelArray.f0; // 前文生成的<labels, ID>Map看来是多分类才用到。
            multiMetricsSummary = new MultiMetricsSummary(
                new long[labelIndexMap.size()][labelIndexMap.size()],
                labelIndexLabelArray.f1, 0.0, 0L);
        }

        while (null != row) {
            if (checkRowFieldNotNull(row)) {
                TreeMap<String, Double> labelProbMap = extractLabelProbMap(row);
                String label = row.getField(0).toString();
                if (ArrayUtils.indexOf(labelIndexLabelArray.f1, label) >= 0) {
                    if (binary) {
                        // 二分法在这里 
                        updateBinaryMetricsSummary(labelProbMap, label, binaryMetricsSummary);
                    } else {
                        updateMultiMetricsSummary(labelProbMap, label, labelIndexMap, multiMetricsSummary);
                    }
                }
            }
            row = iterator.hasNext() ? iterator.next() : null;
        }

        return binary ? binaryMetricsSummary : multiMetricsSummary;
}

//变量如下
tuple = {Tuple2@9252} "({prefix1=0, prefix0=1},[prefix1, prefix0])"
 f0 = {HashMap@9257}  size = 2
  "prefix1" -> {Integer@9264} 0
  "prefix0" -> {Integer@9266} 1
 f1 = {String[2]@9258} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "prefix0"
 
row = {Row@9271} "prefix1,{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"
 fields = {Object[2]@9276} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"
    
labelIndexLabelArray = {Tuple2@9240} "({prefix1=0, prefix0=1},[prefix1, prefix0])"
 f0 = {HashMap@9288}  size = 2
  "prefix1" -> {Integer@9294} 0
  "prefix0" -> {Integer@9296} 1
 f1 = {String[2]@9242} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "prefix0"
    
labelProbMap = {TreeMap@9342}  size = 2
 "prefix0" -> {Double@9378} 0.1
 "prefix1" -> {Double@9380} 0.9    

先回忆下混淆矩阵:

预测值 0预测值 1
真实值 0TNFP
真实值 1FNTP

针对混淆矩阵,BinaryMetricsSummary 的作用是Save the evaluation data for binary classification。函数具体计算思路是:

  • 把 [0,1] 分成ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER(100000)这么多桶(bin)。所以binaryMetricsSummary的positiveBin/negativeBin分别是两个100000的数组。如果某一个 sample 为 正例(positive value) 的概率是 p, 则该 sample 对应的 bin index 就是 p * 100000。如果 p 被预测为正例(positive value) ,则positiveBin[index]++,否则就是被预测为负例(negative value) ,则negativeBin[index]++。positiveBin就是 TP + FP,negativeBin就是 TN + FN。

  • 所以这里会遍历输入,如果某一个输入(以"prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}"为例),0.9 是prefix1(正例) 的概率,0.1 是为prefix0(负例) 的概率。

    • 既然这个算法选择了 prefix1(正例) ,所以就说明此算法是判别成 positive 的,所以在 positiveBin 的 90000 处 + 1。
    • 假设这个算法选择了 prefix0(负例) ,则说明此算法是判别成 negative 的,所以应该在 negativeBin 的 90000 处 + 1。

具体对应我们示例代码的5个采样,分类如下:

Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}"),  positiveBin 90000处+1
Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),  positiveBin 80000处+1
Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.7, "prefix0": 0.3}"),  positiveBin 70000处+1
Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.75, "prefix0": 0.25}"), negativeBin 75000处+1
Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.6, "prefix0": 0.4}")  negativeBin 60000处+1

具体代码如下

public static void updateBinaryMetricsSummary(TreeMap<String, Double> labelProbMap,
                                              String label,
                                              BinaryMetricsSummary binaryMetricsSummary) {
    binaryMetricsSummary.total++;
    binaryMetricsSummary.logLoss += extractLogloss(labelProbMap, label);

    double d = labelProbMap.get(binaryMetricsSummary.labels[0]);
    int idx = d == 1.0 ? ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER - 1 :
        (int)Math.floor(d * ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER);
    if (idx >= 0 && idx < ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER) {
        if (label.equals(binaryMetricsSummary.labels[0])) {
            binaryMetricsSummary.positiveBin[idx] += 1;
        } else if (label.equals(binaryMetricsSummary.labels[1])) {
            binaryMetricsSummary.negativeBin[idx] += 1;
        } else {
					.....
        }
    }
}

private static double extractLogloss(TreeMap<String, Double> labelProbMap, String label) {
   Double prob = labelProbMap.get(label);
   prob = null == prob ? 0. : prob;
   return -Math.log(Math.max(Math.min(prob, 1 - LOG_LOSS_EPS), LOG_LOSS_EPS));
}

// 变量如下
ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER=100000
  
// 当 "prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}" 时候
labelProbMap = {TreeMap@9305}  size = 2
 "prefix0" -> {Double@9331} 0.1
 "prefix1" -> {Double@9333} 0.9
  
d = 0.9
idx = 90000
binaryMetricsSummary = {BinaryMetricsSummary@9262} 
 labels = {String[2]@9242} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "prefix0"
 total = 1
 positiveBin = {long[100000]@9263}  // 90000处+1
 negativeBin = {long[100000]@9264} 
 logLoss = 0.10536051565782628
   
// 当 "prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.6, "prefix0": 0.4}" 时候  
labelProbMap = {TreeMap@9514}  size = 2
 "prefix0" -> {Double@9546} 0.4
 "prefix1" -> {Double@9547} 0.6
   
d = 0.6
idx = 60000    
 binaryMetricsSummary = {BinaryMetricsSummary@9262} 
 labels = {String[2]@9242} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "prefix0"
 total = 2
 positiveBin = {long[100000]@9263}  
 negativeBin = {long[100000]@9264} // 60000处+1
 logLoss = 1.0216512475319812  

3.2.2 ReduceBaseMetrics

ReduceBaseMetrics作用是把局部计算的 BaseMetrics 聚合起来。

DataSet<BaseMetricsSummary> metrics = res
    .reduce(new EvaluationUtil.ReduceBaseMetrics());

ReduceBaseMetrics如下

public static class ReduceBaseMetrics implements ReduceFunction<BaseMetricsSummary> {
    @Override
    public BaseMetricsSummary reduce(BaseMetricsSummary t1, BaseMetricsSummary t2) throws Exception {
        return null == t1 ? t2 : t1.merge(t2);
    }
}

具体计算是在BinaryMetricsSummary.merge,其作用就是Merge the bins, and add the logLoss。

@Override
public BinaryMetricsSummary merge(BinaryMetricsSummary binaryClassMetrics) {
    for (int i = 0; i < this.positiveBin.length; i++) {
        this.positiveBin[i] += binaryClassMetrics.positiveBin[i];
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < this.negativeBin.length; i++) {
        this.negativeBin[i] += binaryClassMetrics.negativeBin[i];
    }
    this.logLoss += binaryClassMetrics.logLoss;
    this.total += binaryClassMetrics.total;
    return this;
}

// 程序变量是
this = {BinaryMetricsSummary@9316} 
 labels = {String[2]@9322} 
  0 = "prefix1"
  1 = "prefix0"
 total = 2
 positiveBin = {long[100000]@9320} 
 negativeBin = {long[100000]@9323} 
 logLoss = 1.742969305058623

3.2.3 SaveDataAsParams

this.setOutput(metrics.flatMap(new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataAsParams()),
    new String[] {DATA_OUTPUT}, new TypeInformation[] {Types.STRING});

当归并所有BaseMetrics之后,得到了total BaseMetrics,计算indexes,存入到params。

public static class SaveDataAsParams implements FlatMapFunction<BaseMetricsSummary, Row> {
    @Override
    public void flatMap(BaseMetricsSummary t, Collector<Row> collector) throws Exception {
        collector.collect(t.toMetrics().serialize());
    }
}

实际业务在BinaryMetricsSummary.toMetrics中完成,即基于bin的信息计算,得到confusionMatrix array, threshold array, rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart等等,然后存储到params。

public BinaryClassMetrics toMetrics() {
    Params params = new Params();
    // 生成若干曲线,比如rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart
    Tuple3<ConfusionMatrix[], double[], EvaluationCurve[]> matrixThreCurve =
        extractMatrixThreCurve(positiveBin, negativeBin, total);

    // 依据曲线内容计算并且存储 AUC/PRC/KS
    setCurveAreaParams(params, matrixThreCurve.f2);

    // 对生成的rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart输出进行抽样
    Tuple3<ConfusionMatrix[], double[], EvaluationCurve[]> sampledMatrixThreCurve = sample(
        PROBABILITY_INTERVAL, matrixThreCurve);

    // 依据抽样后的输出存储 RocCurve/RecallPrecisionCurve/LiftChar
    setCurvePointsParams(params, sampledMatrixThreCurve);
    ConfusionMatrix[] matrices = sampledMatrixThreCurve.f0;
  
    // 存储正例样本的度量指标
    setComputationsArrayParams(params, sampledMatrixThreCurve.f1, sampledMatrixThreCurve.f0);
  
    // 存储Logloss
    setLoglossParams(params, logLoss, total);
  
    // Pick the middle point where threshold is 0.5.
    int middleIndex = getMiddleThresholdIndex(sampledMatrixThreCurve.f1);  
    setMiddleThreParams(params, matrices[middleIndex], labels);
    return new BinaryClassMetrics(params);
}

extractMatrixThreCurve是全文重点。这里是 Extract the bins who are not empty, keep the middle threshold 0.5,然后初始化了 RocCurve, Recall-Precision Curve and Lift Curve,计算出ConfusionMatrix array(混淆矩阵), threshold array, rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart.。

/**
 * Extract the bins who are not empty, keep the middle threshold 0.5.
 * Initialize the RocCurve, Recall-Precision Curve and Lift Curve.
 * RocCurve: (FPR, TPR), starts with (0,0). Recall-Precision Curve: (recall, precision), starts with (0, p), p is the precision with the lowest. LiftChart: (TP+FP/total, TP), starts with (0,0). confusion matrix = [TP FP][FN * TN].
 *
 * @param positiveBin positiveBins.
 * @param negativeBin negativeBins.
 * @param total       sample number
 * @return ConfusionMatrix array, threshold array, rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart.
 */
static Tuple3<ConfusionMatrix[], double[], EvaluationCurve[]> extractMatrixThreCurve(long[] positiveBin, long[] negativeBin, long total) {
    ArrayList<Integer> effectiveIndices = new ArrayList<>();
    long totalTrue = 0, totalFalse = 0;
  
    // 计算totalTrue,totalFalse,effectiveIndices
    for (int i = 0; i < ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER; i++) {
        if (0L != positiveBin[i] || 0L != negativeBin[i]
            || i == ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER / 2) {
            effectiveIndices.add(i);
            totalTrue += positiveBin[i];
            totalFalse += negativeBin[i];
        }
    }

// 以我们例子,得到  
effectiveIndices = {ArrayList@9273}  size = 6
 0 = {Integer@9277} 50000 //这里加入了中间点
 1 = {Integer@9278} 60000
 2 = {Integer@9279} 70000
 3 = {Integer@9280} 75000
 4 = {Integer@9281} 80000
 5 = {Integer@9282} 90000
totalTrue = 3
totalFalse = 2
  
    // 继续初始化,生成若干curve
    final int length = effectiveIndices.size();
    final int newLen = length + 1;
    final double m = 1.0 / ClassificationEvaluationUtil.DETAIL_BIN_NUMBER;
    EvaluationCurvePoint[] rocCurve = new EvaluationCurvePoint[newLen];
    EvaluationCurvePoint[] recallPrecisionCurve = new EvaluationCurvePoint[newLen];
    EvaluationCurvePoint[] liftChart = new EvaluationCurvePoint[newLen];
    ConfusionMatrix[] data = new ConfusionMatrix[newLen];
    double[] threshold = new double[newLen];
    long curTrue = 0;
    long curFalse = 0;
  
// 以我们例子,得到 
length = 6
newLen = 7
m = 1.0E-5
  
    // 计算, 其中rocCurve,recallPrecisionCurve,liftChart 都可以从代码中看出
    for (int i = 1; i < newLen; i++) {
        int index = effectiveIndices.get(length - i);
        curTrue += positiveBin[index];
        curFalse += negativeBin[index];
        threshold[i] = index * m;
        // 计算出混淆矩阵
        data[i] = new ConfusionMatrix(
            new long[][] {{curTrue, curFalse}, {totalTrue - curTrue, totalFalse - curFalse}});
        double tpr = (totalTrue == 0 ? 1.0 : 1.0 * curTrue / totalTrue);
        // 比如当 90000 这点,得到 curTrue = 1 curFalse = 0 i = 1 index = 90000 tpr = 0.3333333333333333。totalTrue = 3 totalFalse = 2, 
        // 我们也知道,TPR = TP / (TP + FN) ,所以可以计算 tpr = 1 / 3   
        rocCurve[i] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(totalFalse == 0 ? 1.0 : 1.0 * curFalse / totalFalse, tpr, threshold[i]);
        recallPrecisionCurve[i] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(tpr, curTrue + curTrue == 0 ? 1.0 : 1.0 * curTrue / (curTrue + curFalse), threshold[i]);
        liftChart[i] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(1.0 * (curTrue + curFalse) / total, curTrue, threshold[i]);
    }
  
// 以我们例子,得到 
curTrue = 3
curFalse = 2
  
threshold = {double[7]@9349} 
 0 = 0.0
 1 = 0.9
 2 = 0.8
 3 = 0.7500000000000001
 4 = 0.7000000000000001
 5 = 0.6000000000000001
 6 = 0.5  
   
rocCurve = {EvaluationCurvePoint[7]@9315} 
 1 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9440} 
  x = 0.0
  y = 0.3333333333333333
  p = 0.9
 2 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9448} 
  x = 0.0
  y = 0.6666666666666666
  p = 0.8
 3 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9449} 
  x = 0.5
  y = 0.6666666666666666
  p = 0.7500000000000001
 4 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9450} 
  x = 0.5
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.7000000000000001
 5 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9451} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.6000000000000001
 6 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9452} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.5
    
recallPrecisionCurve = {EvaluationCurvePoint[7]@9320} 
 1 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9444} 
  x = 0.3333333333333333
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.9
 2 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9453} 
  x = 0.6666666666666666
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.8
 3 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9454} 
  x = 0.6666666666666666
  y = 0.6666666666666666
  p = 0.7500000000000001
 4 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9455} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 0.75
  p = 0.7000000000000001
 5 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9456} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 0.6
  p = 0.6000000000000001
 6 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9457} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 0.6
  p = 0.5
    
liftChart = {EvaluationCurvePoint[7]@9325} 
 1 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9458} 
  x = 0.2
  y = 1.0
  p = 0.9
 2 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9459} 
  x = 0.4
  y = 2.0
  p = 0.8
 3 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9460} 
  x = 0.6
  y = 2.0
  p = 0.7500000000000001
 4 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9461} 
  x = 0.8
  y = 3.0
  p = 0.7000000000000001
 5 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9462} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 3.0
  p = 0.6000000000000001
 6 = {EvaluationCurvePoint@9463} 
  x = 1.0
  y = 3.0
  p = 0.5
    
data = {ConfusionMatrix[7]@9339} 
 0 = {ConfusionMatrix@9486} 
  longMatrix = {LongMatrix@9488} 
   matrix = {long[2][]@9491} 
    0 = {long[2]@9492} 
     0 = 0
     1 = 0
    1 = {long[2]@9493} 
     0 = 3
     1 = 2
   rowNum = 2
   colNum = 2
  labelCnt = 2
  total = 5
  actualLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9489} 
   0 = 3
   1 = 2
  predictLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9490} 
   0 = 0
   1 = 5
  tpCount = 2.0
  tnCount = 2.0
  fpCount = 3.0
  fnCount = 3.0
 1 = {ConfusionMatrix@9435} 
  longMatrix = {LongMatrix@9469} 
   matrix = {long[2][]@9472} 
    0 = {long[2]@9474} 
     0 = 1
     1 = 0
    1 = {long[2]@9475} 
     0 = 2
     1 = 2
   rowNum = 2
   colNum = 2
  labelCnt = 2
  total = 5
  actualLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9470} 
   0 = 3
   1 = 2
  predictLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9471} 
   0 = 1
   1 = 4
  tpCount = 3.0
  tnCount = 3.0
  fpCount = 2.0
  fnCount = 2.0
  ......  
    
    threshold[0] = 1.0;
    data[0] = new ConfusionMatrix(new long[][] {{0, 0}, {totalTrue, totalFalse}});
    rocCurve[0] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(0, 0, threshold[0]);
    recallPrecisionCurve[0] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(0, recallPrecisionCurve[1].getY(), threshold[0]);
    liftChart[0] = new EvaluationCurvePoint(0, 0, threshold[0]);

    return Tuple3.of(data, threshold, new EvaluationCurve[] {new EvaluationCurve(rocCurve),
        new EvaluationCurve(recallPrecisionCurve), new EvaluationCurve(liftChart)});
}

3.2.4 计算混淆矩阵

这里再给大家讲讲混淆矩阵如何计算,这里思路比较绕。

3.2.4.1 原始矩阵

调用之处是:

// 调用之处
data[i] = new ConfusionMatrix(
        new long[][] {{curTrue, curFalse}, {totalTrue - curTrue, totalFalse - curFalse}});
// 调用时候各种赋值
i = 1
index = 90000
totalTrue = 3
totalFalse = 2
curTrue = 1
curFalse = 0

得到原始矩阵,以下都有cur,说明只针对当前点来说

curTrue = 1curFalse = 0
totalTrue - curTrue = 2totalFalse - curFalse = 2
3.2.4.2 计算标签

后续ConfusionMatrix计算中,由此可以得到

actualLabelFrequency = longMatrix.getColSums();
predictLabelFrequency = longMatrix.getRowSums();

actualLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9322} 
 0 = 3
 1 = 2
predictLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9323} 
 0 = 1
 1 = 4  

可以看出来,Alink算法认为:每列的sum和实际标签有关;每行sum和预测标签有关。

得到新矩阵如下

predictLabelFrequency
curTrue = 1curFalse = 01 = curTrue + curFalse
totalTrue - curTrue = 2totalFalse - curFalse = 24 = total - curTrue - curFalse
actualLabelFrequency3 = totalTrue2 = totalFalse

后续计算将要基于这些来计算:

计算中就用到longMatrix 对角线上的数据,即longMatrix(0)(0)和 longMatrix(1)(1)。一定要注意,这里考虑的都是 当前状态 (画重点强调)

longMatrix(0)(0) :curTrue

longMatrix(1)(1) :totalFalse - curFalse

totalFalse :( TN + FN )

totalTrue :( TP + FP )

double numTrueNegative(Integer labelIndex) {
  // labelIndex为 0 时候,return 1 + 5 - 1 - 3 = 2;
  // labelIndex为 1 时候,return 2 + 5 - 4 - 2 = 1;
	return null == labelIndex ? tnCount : longMatrix.getValue(labelIndex, labelIndex) + total - predictLabelFrequency[labelIndex] - actualLabelFrequency[labelIndex];
}

double numTruePositive(Integer labelIndex) {
  // labelIndex为 0 时候,return 1; 这个是 curTrue,就是真实标签是True,判别也是True。是TP
  // labelIndex为 1 时候,return 2; 这个是 totalFalse - curFalse,总判别错 - 当前判别错。这就意味着“本来判别错了但是当前没有发现”,所以认为在当前状态下,这也算是TP
	return null == labelIndex ? tpCount : longMatrix.getValue(labelIndex, labelIndex);
}

double numFalseNegative(Integer labelIndex) {
  // labelIndex为 0 时候,return 3 - 1; 
  // actualLabelFrequency[0] = totalTrue。所以return totalTrue - curTrue,即当前“全部正确”中没有“判别为正确”,这个就可以认为是“判别错了且判别为负”
  // labelIndex为 1 时候,return 2 - 2;   
  // actualLabelFrequency[1] = totalFalse。所以return totalFalse - ( totalFalse - curFalse )  = curFalse
	return null == labelIndex ? fnCount : actualLabelFrequency[labelIndex] - longMatrix.getValue(labelIndex, labelIndex);
}

double numFalsePositive(Integer labelIndex) {
  // labelIndex为 0 时候,return 1 - 1;
  // predictLabelFrequency[0] = curTrue + curFalse。
  // 所以 return = curTrue + curFalse - curTrue = curFalse = current( TN + FN ) 这可以认为是判断错了实际是正确标签
  // labelIndex为 1 时候,return 4 - 2; 
  // predictLabelFrequency[1] = total - curTrue - curFalse。
  // 所以 return = total - curTrue - curFalse - (totalFalse - curFalse) = totalTrue - curTrue = ( TP + FP ) - currentTP = currentFP 
	return null == labelIndex ? fpCount : predictLabelFrequency[labelIndex] - longMatrix.getValue(labelIndex, labelIndex);
}

// 最后得到
tpCount = 3.0
tnCount = 3.0
fpCount = 2.0
fnCount = 2.0
3.2.4.3 具体代码
// 具体计算 
public ConfusionMatrix(LongMatrix longMatrix) {
  
longMatrix = {LongMatrix@9297} 
  0 = {long[2]@9324} 
   0 = 1
   1 = 0
  1 = {long[2]@9325} 
   0 = 2
   1 = 2
     
    this.longMatrix = longMatrix;
    labelCnt = this.longMatrix.getRowNum();
    // 这里就是计算
    actualLabelFrequency = longMatrix.getColSums();
    predictLabelFrequency = longMatrix.getRowSums();
  
actualLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9322} 
 0 = 3
 1 = 2
predictLabelFrequency = {long[2]@9323} 
 0 = 1
 1 = 4  
labelCnt = 2
total = 5  

    total = longMatrix.getTotal();
    for (int i = 0; i < labelCnt; i++) {
        tnCount += numTrueNegative(i);
        tpCount += numTruePositive(i);
        fnCount += numFalseNegative(i);
        fpCount += numFalsePositive(i);
    }
}

0x04 流处理

4.1 示例

Alink原有python示例代码中,Stream部分是没有输出的,因为MemSourceStreamOp没有和时间相关联,而Alink中没有提供基于时间的StreamOperator,所以只能自己仿照MemSourceBatchOp写了一个。虽然代码有些丑,但是至少可以提供输出,这样就能够调试。

4.1.1 主类

public class EvalBinaryClassExampleStream {

    AlgoOperator getData(boolean isBatch) {
        Row[] rows = new Row[]{
                Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.9, "prefix0": 0.1}")
        };
        String[] schema = new String[]{"label", "detailInput"};
        if (isBatch) {
            return new MemSourceBatchOp(rows, schema);
        } else {
            return new TimeMemSourceStreamOp(rows, schema, new EvalBinaryStreamSource());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EvalBinaryClassExampleStream test = new EvalBinaryClassExampleStream();
        StreamOperator streamData = (StreamOperator) test.getData(false);
        StreamOperator sOp = new EvalBinaryClassStreamOp()
                .setLabelCol("label")
                .setPredictionDetailCol("detailInput")
                .setTimeInterval(1)
                .linkFrom(streamData);
        sOp.print();
        StreamOperator.execute();
    }
}

4.1.2 TimeMemSourceStreamOp

这个是我自己炮制的。借鉴了MemSourceStreamOp。

public final class TimeMemSourceStreamOp extends StreamOperator<TimeMemSourceStreamOp> {

    public TimeMemSourceStreamOp(Row[] rows, String[] colNames, EvalBinaryStrSource source) {
        super(null);
        init(source, Arrays.asList(rows), colNames);
    }

    private void init(EvalBinaryStreamSource source, List <Row> rows, String[] colNames) {
        Row first = rows.iterator().next();
        int arity = first.getArity();
        TypeInformation <?>[] types = new TypeInformation[arity];

        for (int i = 0; i < arity; ++i) {
            types[i] = TypeExtractor.getForObject(first.getField(i));
        }

        init(source, colNames, types);
    }

    private void init(EvalBinaryStreamSource source, String[] colNames, TypeInformation <?>[] colTypes) {
        DataStream <Row> dastr = MLEnvironmentFactory.get(getMLEnvironmentId())
                .getStreamExecutionEnvironment().addSource(source);
        StringBuilder sbd = new StringBuilder();
        sbd.append(colNames[0]);
      
        for (int i = 1; i < colNames.length; i++) {
            sbd.append(",").append(colNames[i]);
        }
        this.setOutput(dastr, colNames, colTypes);
    }

    @Override
    public TimeMemSourceStreamOp linkFrom(StreamOperator<?>... inputs) {
        return null;
    }
}

4.1.3 Source

定时提供Row,加入了随机数,让概率有变化。

class EvalBinaryStreamSource extends RichSourceFunction[Row] {

  override def run(ctx: SourceFunction.SourceContext[Row]) = {
    while (true) {
      val rdm = Math.random() // 这里加入了随机数,让概率有变化
      val rows: Array[Row] = Array[Row](
        Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": " + rdm + ", "prefix0": " + (1-rdm) + "}"),
        Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),
        Row.of("prefix1", "{"prefix1": 0.7, "prefix0": 0.3}"),
        Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.75, "prefix0": 0.25}"),
        Row.of("prefix0", "{"prefix1": 0.6, "prefix0": 0.4}"))
      for(row <- rows) {
        println(s"当前值:$row")
        ctx.collect(row)
      }
      Thread.sleep(1000)
    }
  }

  override def cancel() = ???
}

4.2 BaseEvalClassStreamOp

Alink流处理类是 EvalBinaryClassStreamOp,主要工作在其基类 BaseEvalClassStreamOp,所以我们重点看后者。

public class BaseEvalClassStreamOp<T extends BaseEvalClassStreamOp<T>> extends StreamOperator<T> {
    @Override
    public T linkFrom(StreamOperator<?>... inputs) {
        StreamOperator<?> in = checkAndGetFirst(inputs);
        String labelColName = this.get(MultiEvaluationStreamParams.LABEL_COL);
        String positiveValue = this.get(BinaryEvaluationStreamParams.POS_LABEL_VAL_STR);
        Integer timeInterval = this.get(MultiEvaluationStreamParams.TIME_INTERVAL);

        ClassificationEvaluationUtil.Type type = ClassificationEvaluationUtil.judgeEvaluationType(this.getParams());

        DataStream<BaseMetricsSummary> statistics;

        switch (type) {
            case PRED_RESULT: {
              ......
            }
            case PRED_DETAIL: {               
                String predDetailColName = this.get(MultiEvaluationStreamParams.PREDICTION_DETAIL_COL);
                // 
                PredDetailLabel eval = new PredDetailLabel(positiveValue, binary);
                // 获取输入数据,重点是timeWindowAll
                statistics = in.select(new String[] {labelColName, predDetailColName})
                    .getDataStream()
                    .timeWindowAll(Time.of(timeInterval, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
                    .apply(eval);
                break;
            }
        }
        // 把各个窗口的数据累积到 totalStatistics,注意,这里是新变量了。
        DataStream<BaseMetricsSummary> totalStatistics = statistics
            .map(new EvaluationUtil.AllDataMerge())
            .setParallelism(1); // 并行度设置为1

        // 基于两种 bins 计算&序列化,得到当前的 statistics
        DataStream<Row> windowOutput = statistics.map(
            new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream(ClassificationEvaluationUtil.WINDOW.f0));
        // 基于bins计算&序列化,得到累积的 totalStatistics
        DataStream<Row> allOutput = totalStatistics.map(
            new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream(ClassificationEvaluationUtil.ALL.f0));

      	// "当前" 和 "累积" 做联合,最终返回
        DataStream<Row> union = windowOutput.union(allOutput);

        this.setOutput(union,
            new String[] {ClassificationEvaluationUtil.STATISTICS_OUTPUT, DATA_OUTPUT},
            new TypeInformation[] {Types.STRING, Types.STRING});

        return (T)this;
    }
}

具体业务是:

  • PredDetailLabel 会进行去重标签名字 和 累积计算混淆矩阵所需数据
    • buildLabelIndexLabelArray 去重 "labels名字",然后给每一个label一个ID,最后结果是一个<labels, ID>Map。
    • getDetailStatistics 遍历 rows 数据,提取每一个item(比如 "prefix1,{"prefix1": 0.8, "prefix0": 0.2}"),然后通过updateBinaryMetricsSummary累积计算混淆矩阵所需数据。
  • 根据标签从Window中获取数据 statistics = in.select().getDataStream().timeWindowAll() .apply(eval);
  • EvaluationUtil.AllDataMerge 把各个窗口的数据累积到 totalStatistics 。
  • 得到windowOutput -------- EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream,对"当前数据statistics"做处理。实际业务在BinaryMetricsSummary.toMetrics,即基于bin的信息计算,然后存储到params,并序列化返回Row。
    • extractMatrixThreCurve函数取出非空的bins,据此计算出ConfusionMatrix array(混淆矩阵), threshold array, rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart.
    • 依据曲线内容计算并且存储 AUC/PRC/KS
    • 对生成的rocCurve/recallPrecisionCurve/LiftChart输出进行抽样
    • 依据抽样后的输出存储 RocCurve/RecallPrecisionCurve/LiftChar
    • 存储正例样本的度量指标
    • 存储Logloss
    • Pick the middle point where threshold is 0.5.
  • 得到allOutput -------- EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream , 对"累积数据totalStatistics"做处理。
    • 详细处理流程同windowOutput。
  • windowOutput 和 allOutput 做联合。最终返回 DataStream union = windowOutput.union(allOutput);

4.2.1 PredDetailLabel

static class PredDetailLabel implements AllWindowFunction<Row, BaseMetricsSummary, TimeWindow> {
    @Override
    public void apply(TimeWindow timeWindow, Iterable<Row> rows, Collector<BaseMetricsSummary> collector) throws Exception {
        HashSet<String> labels = new HashSet<>();
        // 首先还是获取 labels 名字
        for (Row row : rows) {
            if (EvaluationUtil.checkRowFieldNotNull(row)) {
                labels.addAll(EvaluationUtil.extractLabelProbMap(row).keySet());
                labels.add(row.getField(0).toString());
            }
        }
labels = {HashSet@9757}  size = 2
 0 = "prefix1"
 1 = "prefix0"   
        // 之前介绍过,buildLabelIndexLabelArray 去重 "labels名字",然后给每一个label一个ID,最后结果是一个<labels, ID>Map。
        // getDetailStatistics 遍历 rows 数据,累积计算混淆矩阵所需数据( "TP + FN"  /  "TN + FP")。
        if (labels.size() > 0) {
            collector.collect(
                getDetailStatistics(rows, binary, buildLabelIndexLabelArray(labels, binary, positiveValue)));
        }
    }
}

4.2.2 AllDataMerge

EvaluationUtil.AllDataMerge 把各个窗口的数据累积

/**
 * Merge data from different windows.
 */
public static class AllDataMerge implements MapFunction<BaseMetricsSummary, BaseMetricsSummary> {
    private BaseMetricsSummary statistics;
    @Override
    public BaseMetricsSummary map(BaseMetricsSummary value) {
        this.statistics = (null == this.statistics ? value : this.statistics.merge(value));
        return this.statistics;
    }
}

4.2.3 SaveDataStream

SaveDataStream具体调用的函数之前批处理介绍过,实际业务在BinaryMetricsSummary.toMetrics,即基于bin的信息计算,存储到params。

这里与批处理不同的是直接就把"构建出的度量信息“返回给用户。

public static class SaveDataStream implements MapFunction<BaseMetricsSummary, Row> {
    @Override
    public Row map(BaseMetricsSummary baseMetricsSummary) throws Exception {
        BaseMetricsSummary metrics = baseMetricsSummary;
        BaseMetrics baseMetrics = metrics.toMetrics();
        Row row = baseMetrics.serialize();
        return Row.of(funtionName, row.getField(0));
    }
}

// 最后得到的 row 其实就是最终返回给用户的度量信息
row = {Row@10008} "{"PRC":"0.9164636268708667","SensitivityArray":"[0.38461538461538464,0.6923076923076923,0.6923076923076923,1.0,1.0,1.0]","ConfusionMatrix":"[[13,8],[0,0]]","MacroRecall":"0.5","MacroSpecificity":"0.5","FalsePositiveRateArray":"[0.0,0.0,0.5,0.5,1.0,1.0]" ...... 还有很多其他的

4.2.4 Union

DataStream<Row> windowOutput = statistics.map(
    new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream(ClassificationEvaluationUtil.WINDOW.f0));
DataStream<Row> allOutput = totalStatistics.map(
    new EvaluationUtil.SaveDataStream(ClassificationEvaluationUtil.ALL.f0));

DataStream<Row> union = windowOutput.union(allOutput);

最后返回两种统计数据

4.2.4.1 allOutput
all|{"PRC":"0.7341146115890359","SensitivityArray":"[0.3333333333333333,0.3333333333333333,0.6666666666666666,0.7333333333333333,0.8,0.8,0.8666666666666667,0.8666666666666667,0.9333333333333333,1.0]","ConfusionMatrix":"[[13,10],[2,0]]","MacroRecall":"0.43333333333333335","MacroSpecificity":"0.43333333333333335","FalsePositiveRateArray":"[0.0,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0]","TruePositiveRateArray":"[0.3333333333333333,0.3333333333333333,0.6666666666666666,0.7333333333333333,0.8,0.8,0.8666666666666667,0.8666666666666667,0.9333333333333333,1.0]","AUC":"0.5666666666666667","MacroAccuracy":"0.52", ......

4.2.4.2 windowOutput

window|{"PRC":"0.7638888888888888","SensitivityArray":"[0.3333333333333333,0.3333333333333333,0.6666666666666666,1.0,1.0,1.0]","ConfusionMatrix":"[[3,2],[0,0]]","MacroRecall":"0.5","MacroSpecificity":"0.5","FalsePositiveRateArray":"[0.0,0.5,0.5,0.5,1.0,1.0]","TruePositiveRateArray":"[0.3333333333333333,0.3333333333333333,0.6666666666666666,1.0,1.0,1.0]","AUC":"0.6666666666666666","MacroAccuracy":"0.6","RecallArray":"[0.3333333333333333,0.3333333333333333,0.6666666666666666,1.0,1.0,1.0]","KappaArray":"[0.28571428571428564,-0.15384615384615377,0.1666666666666666,0.5454545454545455,0.0,0.0]","MicroFalseNegativeRate":"0.4","WeightedRecall":"0.6","WeightedPrecision":"0.36","Recall":"1.0","MacroPrecision":"0.3",......

0xFF 参考

[[白话解析] 通过实例来梳理概念 :准确率 (Accuracy)、精准率(Precision)、召回率(Recall) 和 F值(F-Measure)](

免责声明:文章转载自《Alink漫谈(八) : 二分类评估 AUC、K-S、PRC、Precision、Recall、LiftChart 如何实现》仅用于学习参考。如对内容有疑问,请及时联系本站处理。

上篇Ambari2.7.4+HDP3.1.4在centos7.6部署apt 安装 Oracle Java JDK下篇

宿迁高防,2C2G15M,22元/月;香港BGP,2C5G5M,25元/月 雨云优惠码:MjYwNzM=

相关文章

大数据技术之_19_Spark学习_08_Spark 机器学习_01_机器学习概述 + 机器学习的相关概念 + 算法常用指标

第1章 机器学习概述1.1 机器学习是啥?1.2 机器学习能干啥?1.3 机器学习有啥?1.4 机器学习怎么用?第2章 机器学习的相关概念2.1 数据集2.2 泛化能力2.3 过拟合和欠拟合2.4 维度、特征2.5 模型2.6 学习第3章 算法常用指标3.1 精确率和召回率3.2 TPR、FPR & TNR3.3 综合评价指标 F-measure...

机器学习算法中的评价指标(准确率、召回率、F值、ROC、AUC等)

参考链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/Zhi-Z/p/8728168.html 具体更详细的可以查阅周志华的西瓜书第二章,写的非常详细~ 一、机器学习性能评估指标 1.准确率(Accurary) 准确率是我们最常见的评价指标,而且很容易理解,就是被分对的样本数除以所有的样本数,通常来说,正确率越高,分类器越好。 准确率确实是一个很...

精确率、召回率、F1 值、ROC、AUC 各自的优缺点是什么?

ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)是曲线。也就是下图中的曲线。同时我们也看里面也上了AUC也就是是面积。一般来说,如果ROC是光滑的,那么基本可以判断没有太大的overfitting(比如图中0.2到0.4可能就有问题,但是样本太少了),这个时候调模型可以只看AUC,面积越大一般认为模型越好。 再说...

Data Mining | 二分类模型评估-ROC/AUC/K-S/GINI

目录 1 混淆矩阵衍生指标 1.1 ROC 1.2 AUC 1.3 K-S 1.4 GINI 1.5 小结 1 混淆矩阵衍生指标 上面提到的ACC、PPV、TPR、FPR等指标,都是对某一给定分类结果的评估,而绝大多数模型都能产生好多份分类结果(通过调整阈值),所以它们的评估是单一的、片面的,并不能全面地评估模型的效果。因此,需要引入新的评估指标...

AUC指标之ROC曲线只有一个点的问题

在一般认知中,用模型对测试集进行分类预测,结果应该是X或者X'(也可以说是或者否)。根据混淆矩阵算出TP、FP、TN、FN,进一步算出TPR、FPR。一个测试集只会有一对TPR/FPR值,那么ROC曲线就只会有一个点,何谈曲线之说?难道是用多个测试集得到多对TPR/FPR值,来绘制ROC曲线吗?实则不然。 ROC曲线,一般适用于分类器输出一个“概率值”,...

AUC指标深度理解

AUC 指标 直观意义 AUC 指标用于评价分类器对于正、负样例的辨别能力,对出结果的排序位置(按照预测为正例的概率)敏感。 为什么提出这个指标? 一般来讲,精确率、召回率等指标,都需要设定一个阈值去判别是属于正类还是负类,例如预测分大于等于0.5判别为正类,小于0.5判别为负类。如何设定这个阈值,是个问题。而AUC这个指标则不需要设阈值。(或者说,每种...