摘要：
Debian 7中包含的python是2.7.3。如果我想使用最新版本3.4，该怎么办？1、 安装并编译包1$sudoapt getinstallbuild essential 2$sudoaptgetinstalllibncurses5-devlncursesw5-devlibreadline6-dev3$sudoa普特getinstalllibdb5.1-devlibgdbm-devlibsqlite3-devlibssl-dev4$sudoapt getinstalllibbz2-devlibexpat1-devlibzma-devzlib1g-dev2.下载压缩包wget-chttps://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.1/Python-3.4.1.tgz3、编译并安装1$cddownload/2$tar zxfPython-3.4.1.tgz3$cdPython-3.4.14$./configure--prefix=/opt/python-3.4.15$make6$sudomakeinstall7$cddownload/8$sudom rfPython-3.4.1#删除并解压缩目录。安装后，将python3添加到PATH中，打开~/。bashrc文件，然后添加：exportPATH=$PATH:/opt/python3.4.1/bin对于python 3，我们可以看到当前版本是3.4.1。
Debian 7 自带的python是2.7.3,要用最新的3.4版本怎么办？我们从官网下载压缩包自己编译。
一、安装编译用的包
1 $ sudo apt-get install build-essential 2 $ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev 3 $ sudo apt-get install libdb5.1-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev 4 $ sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev
二、下载压缩包
wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.4.1/Python-3.4.1.tgz
三、编译安装
1 $ cd download/ 2 $ tar -zxf Python-3.4.1.tgz 3 $ cd Python-3.4.1 4 $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/python-3.4.1 5 $ make 6 $ sudo make install 7 $ cd download/ 8 $ sudo rm -rf Python-3.4.1 #删除解压目录
安装好后把 python3 添加到PATH里，打开~/.bashrc 文件，在最后添加：
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/python-3.4.1/bin
保存后：
source .bashrc
在终端里输入 python3,可以看到现在的版本是3.4.1。
$ python3 Python 3.4.1 (default, Aug 11 2014, 01:23:53) [GCC 4.6.3] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
2015.01.09 更新：
在make时出现这个提示：
# Substitution happens here, as the completely-expanded BINDIR # is not available in configure sed -e "s,@EXENAME@,/opt/python-3.4.2/bin/python3.4m," < ./Misc/python-config.in >python-config.py # Replace makefile compat. variable references with shell script compat. ones; -> sed -e 's,$(([A-Za-z0-9_]*)),${1},g' < Misc/python-config.sh >python-config # On Darwin, always use the python version of the script, the shell # version doesn't use the compiler customizations that are provided # in python (_osx_support.py). if test `uname -s` = Darwin; then cp python-config.py python-config; fi
按提示操作：
$ sed -e "s,@EXENAME@,/opt/python-3.4.2/bin/python3.4m," < ./Misc/python-config.in >python-config.py $ sed -e 's,$(([A-Za-z0-9_]*)),${1},g' < Misc/python-config.sh >python-config
再make：
$ make最后：
sudo make install
在编译安装python3.4.2时有这个提示：
INFO: Can't locate Tcl/Tk libs and/or headers
Python build finished successfully!
The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
_tkinter
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.解决办法：
sudo apt-get install python-tk tcl tk tcl-dev tk-dev --End--