摘要：
Zabbix历史数据相关表研究历史和趋势相关表历史和趋势都是存储历史数据的地方。通常，通过监控项目配置、匹配和更新监控项目以及设置HouseKeepertasks来设置数据保留的持续时间。管家会定期删除过期数据。在这里，趋势数据很有用。通常，它只需要每小时的平均值，因此趋势数据可以保存很长时间。趋势数据的计算源数据来自历史表。如果历史记录设置为0，则只获取项的值并将其用于触发，历史数据不会保存到数据库中。
zabbix历史数据相关表研究
history和trends相关表
history和trends都是存储历史数据的地方。一般是通过监控项(item)配置里、匹配更新监控项(item)和设置HouseKeeper tasks来设置保留数据的时长。
Housekeeper 会定期删除过期的数据。如果不是特别有意义，建议你把保留时间设置短一些， 如果想看以前的数 据图怎么办？这里趋势数据就派上用场了，一般只要小时平均即可这样话趋势据保留久一点即可，趋势数据的计算源数据来自history表。如果将history设置为0那么就只会获取item的值然后用于触发器，不会存历史数据到数据库。
监控项前端配置:
history相关表
MariaDB [rtm]> show tables like 'history%'; +--------------------------+ | Tables_in_rtm (history%) | +--------------------------+ | history | | history_log | | history_str | | history_text | | history_uint | +--------------------------+history
history 表存放信息类型为浮点数的监控项历史数据，类型在配置监控项是指定
itemid: 监控项唯一标识id
clock: 时间戳整数部分
value： 监控项的值
ns： 纳秒数
MariaDB [rtm]> desc history; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | ns | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from history limit 10; +-----------+------------+---------+----+ | itemid | clock | value | ns | +-----------+------------+---------+----+ | 300161484 | 1545404400 | 1.9616 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545379200 | 2.3494 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545382800 | 2.7355 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545386400 | 3.3068 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545390000 | 3.2508 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545393600 | 4.2648 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545397200 | 4.0263 | 0 | | 300161484 | 1545400800 | 2.7983 | 0 | | 300161485 | 1545404400 | 16.8910 | 0 | | 300161485 | 1545379200 | 20.5173 | 0 | +-----------+------------+---------+----+history_log
history_log 表存放信息类型为日志的监控项历史数据，类型在配置监控项是指定
MariaDB [rtm]> desc history_log; +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | timestamp | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | source | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | severity | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | text | NO | | NULL | | | logeventid | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ns | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+history_str
history_str 表存放信息类型为字符的监控项历史数据，类型在配置监控项是指定
MariaDB [rtm]> desc history_str; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | ns | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from history_str limit 2G; *************************** 1. row *************************** itemid: 23307 clock: 1545384507 value: localhost.localdomain ns: 410719216 *************************** 2. row *************************** itemid: 23312 clock: 1545384512 value: Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018 x86_64 ns: 411996428history_text
history_text 表存放信息类型为文本的监控项历史数据，类型在配置监控项是指定
MariaDB [rtm]> desc history_text; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | text | NO | | NULL | | | ns | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from history_text limit 10; +---------+--------+------------+---------------------+-----------+ | id | itemid | clock | value | ns | +---------+--------+------------+---------------------+-----------+ | 1937748 | 30436 | 1545381354 | 10/11/2017 14:28:06 | 892072527 | | 1937749 | 28311 | 1545381364 | N/A | 146021861 | | 1937750 | 27186 | 1545381374 | N/A | 934199968 | | 1937751 | 26936 | 1545381376 | N/A | 146546842 | | 1937752 | 28936 | 1545381378 | N/A | 189324808 | | 1937753 | 24686 | 1545381380 | N/A | 89381118 | | 1937754 | 25061 | 1545381383 | N/A | 484549259 | | 1937755 | 28061 | 1545381385 | N/A | 699330874 | | 1937756 | 27061 | 1545381389 | N/A | 559602805 | | 1937757 | 30686 | 1545381391 | N/A | 303467948 | +---------+--------+------------+---------------------+-----------+history_uint
history_unit 表存放信息类型为数字(无正负)的监控项历史数据，类型在配置监控项是指定
MariaDB [rtm]> desc history_uint; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | ns | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from history_uint limit 10; +-----------+------------+-------+----+ | itemid | clock | value | ns | +-----------+------------+-------+----+ | 100029541 | 1545404700 | 4311 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545405000 | 4276 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545405300 | 4242 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545405600 | 4207 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545405900 | 4172 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545406200 | 4137 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545406500 | 4102 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545406800 | 4067 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545407100 | 4032 | 0 | | 100029541 | 1545407400 | 3997 | 0 | +-----------+------------+-------+----+
trends相关表
MariaDB [rtm]> show tables like 'trends%'; +-------------------------+ | Tables_in_rtm (trends%) | +-------------------------+ | trends | | trends_uint | +-------------------------+trends
itemid: 监控项唯一标识id
clock: 时间戳整数部分
num： 该小时内用了多少数据用于计算平均值、最小值、最大值
value_min： 趋势时间内最小值(趋势数据时间间隔为一小时)
value_avg： 趋势时间内平均值(趋势数据时间间隔为一小时)
value_max： 趋势时间内最大值(趋势数据时间间隔为一小时)
MariaDB [rtm]> desc trends; +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | num | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value_min | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | value_avg | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | value_max | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from trends limit 10; +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | itemid | clock | num | value_min | value_avg | value_max | +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 23252 | 1538211600 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538215200 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538218800 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538222400 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538226000 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538229600 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0017 | 0.0508 | | 23252 | 1538233200 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538236800 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538240400 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0169 | | 23252 | 1538244000 | 60 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0169 | +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+trends_unit
MariaDB [rtm]> desc trends_uint; +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | num | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value_min | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_avg | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_max | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ MariaDB [rtm]> select * from trends_uint limit 10; +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | itemid | clock | num | value_min | value_avg | value_max | +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 23271 | 1538211600 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538215200 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538218800 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538222400 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538226000 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538229600 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538233200 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538236800 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538240400 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 23271 | 1538244000 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +--------+------------+-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+