摘要：
1.磁盘分区：fdisk设备名称-l：输出以下设备的所有分区内容。
1、磁盘分区：fdisk 【-l】 设备名称
-l：输出后面接的设备所有的分区内容。
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ ~]# fdisk -l 2 3 Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080sectors 4 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes 5 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes 6 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes 7 Disk label type: dos 8 Disk identifier: 0x0009e68a 9 10 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 11 /dev/xvda1 * 2048 83884031 41940992 83Linux 12 13 Disk /dev/xvdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560sectors 14 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes 15 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes 16 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
从查询结果中可以看出多了一个/dev/xvdb
用fdisk分区
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb 2 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). 3 4 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to writethem. 5 Be careful before using the writecommand. 6 7 Device does not contain a recognized partition table 8 Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x25a2caf5. 9 10 Command (m for help):
输入“m”
1 Command (m forhelp): m 2 Command action 3 a toggle a bootable flag 4 b edit bsd disklabel 5 c toggle the dos compatibility flag 6 d delete a partition <==删除一个分区 7 g create a new empty GPT partition table 8 G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table 9 l list known partition types 10 m print this menu 11 n add a new partition <==新建一个分区 12 o create a new empty DOS partition table 13 p print the partition table <==在屏幕上显示分区表 14 q quit without saving changes <==不存储，离开fdisk程序 15 s create a new empty Sun disklabel 16 t change a partition's system id 17 u change display/entry units 18 v verify the partition table 19 w writetable to disk and exit <==将刚才的操作写入分区表 20 x extra functionality (experts only) 21 22 Command (m for help):
接下来正式分区
1 Command (m forhelp): n 2 Partition type: 3 p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) 4 e extended 5 Select (default p): p 6 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 7 First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048): 8 Using default value 2048 9 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62914559, default 62914559): 10 Using default value 62914559 11 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 30GiB is set 12 13 Command (m for help): w 14 The partition table has been altered! 15 16 Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. 17 Syncing disks.
有fdisk -l查看下现在分区情况
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ ~]# fdisk -l 2 3 Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080sectors 4 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes 5 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes 6 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes 7 Disk label type: dos 8 Disk identifier: 0x0009e68a 9 10 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 11 /dev/xvda1 * 2048 83884031 41940992 83Linux 12 13 Disk /dev/xvdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560sectors 14 Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512bytes 15 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes 16 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes 17 Disk label type: dos 18 Disk identifier: 0x25a2caf5 19 20 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 21 /dev/xvdb1 2048 62914559 31456256 83 Linux
可以从上图看出多了一个/dev/xvdb1,之所以是xvdb1是因为我们前面指定了1，要是指定2就应该为xvdb2
如果创建完以后，/proc/partitions查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe命令刷新一下就可以了。
2、用mkfs命令格式化分区/dev/xvdb1
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdb1 2 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 3 Filesystem label= 4 OS type: Linux 5 Block size=4096 (log=2) 6 Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 7 Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0blocks 8 1966080 inodes, 7864064blocks 9 393203 blocks (5.00%) reserved forthe super user 10 First data block=0 11 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 12 240 block groups 13 32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group 14 8192inodes per group 15 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 16 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 17 4096000 18 19 Allocating group tables: done 20 Writing inode tables: done 21 Creating journal (32768 blocks): done 22 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 23 done
3、创建挂载目录并挂载
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ /]# mkdir /data 2 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ /]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /data/ 3 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ /]# df -h 4 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%Mounted on 5 /dev/xvda1 40G 1.5G 36G 5% / 6 devtmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev 7 tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm 8 tmpfs 497M 6.5M 490M 2% /run 9 tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 10 /dev/xvdb1 30G 44M 28G 1% /data
4、设置开机自动挂载。
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ /]# vi /etc/fstab 2 3 4 # 5 # /etc/fstab 6 # Created by anaconda on Fri Nov 21 18:16:53 2014 7 # 8 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' 9 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info 10 # 11 UUID=6634633e-001d-43ba-8fab-202f1df93339 / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1 12 /dev/xvdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
注：自动挂载6个字段意义为
第一列：磁盘设备文件名或设备的Label。
第二列：挂载点。
第三列：磁盘分区的文件系统。
第四列：文件系统参数。基本上，默认情况使用defaults设置即可。。
第五列：能否被dump设备命令作用。0代表不做dump备份，1代表每天进行dump的操作，2也代表其他不定日期的dump备份操作，通常这个数值不是0就是1.
第六列：是否已fsck检验扇区。0是不要检验，1表示最早检验（一般只有根目录会设置为1），2也是要检验，不过1会比较早被检验。一般来说根目录设置为1其他的要检验的文件系统都设置为2就好了。
/etc/fstab是开机时的配置文件，不过，实际文件系统的挂载是记录到/etc/mtab 与/proc/mounts这两个文件当中的。每次我们在改动文件系统的挂载时，也会同时改动这两个文件。但是万一发生你在/etc/fstab中输入的数据有误，导致无法顺利开机成功，而进入单用户维护模式当中，那时候的/可是readonly的状态，当然你就无法修改/etc/fstab，也无法更新/etc/mtab。那怎么办？没关系，可以利用下面这一招：
1 [root@iZ255cppmtxZ local]# mount -n -o remount,rw /